Environment Transformation and Landscape Domestication in the Lowlands of Northeast of Uruguay. Earthworks as Technology for the Management of Flood Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
pp. 283-316
Author(s):  
Camila Gianotti
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Domestication

A new local scale prediction model of Amazonian landscape domestication sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 105240
Author(s):  
Jungyu Choi ◽  
David K. Wright ◽  
Helena Pinto Lima
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Landscape Domestication

scholarly journals Local varieties of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze (Pinales: Araucariaceae) in southern Brazil: A brief discussion about landscape domestication

Biotemas ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Sergio Muniz Tagliari ◽  
Nivaldo Peroni
Keyword(s):  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Landscape Domestication

A Araucária é uma espécie emblemática da Floresta Ombrófila Mista – FOM. O comércio do “pinhão”, sua semente, é economicamente relevante para grupos regionais, influenciando no manejo e uso da espécie. As populações da espécie foram historicamente manipuladas pela ação humana, que identificam variedades locais, caracterizando certo grau de domesticação da espécie e da paisagem. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi identificar essas variedades, caracterizar o uso e manejo do “pinhão” em comunidades locais circundantes ao Parque Nacional de São Joaquim – PNSJ, e discutir interações homem-plantas que possam ser relevantes na estruturação de paisagens culturais domesticadas. Aplicamos questionários semi-estruturados a quinze agricultores-extratores no entorno do PNSJ. Realizando turnês guiadas, montamos nove parcelas de 1600 m2 para coleta de dados populacionais da Araucária. Nos questionários, quatro variedades foram citadas: “Cajuvá”, “Macaco”, “Do cedo” e “Do tarde” além de duas variedades identificadas nas turnês-guiadas (N=52). Todos entrevistados afirmaram usar, direta/indiretamente, o “pinhão”, além de citarem variedades que conhecem e/ou manejam na FOM, evidenciando processo de domesticação. A conservação da Araucária pode ser favorecida ao considerar populações humanas locais que usam e manejam os recursos dessa espécie, fortalecendo sua conservação ao nível de paisagens manejadas junto às Unidades de Conservação do estado.  

scholarly journals Pre-Columbian fire management and control of climate-driven floodwaters over 3,500 years in southwestern Amazonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (40) ◽  
pp. e2022206118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil A. Duncan ◽  
Nicholas J. D. Loughlin ◽  
John H. Walker ◽  
Emma P. Hocking ◽  
Bronwen S. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Fire Regime ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Land Use And Management ◽  
Landscape Domestication ◽  
And Control ◽  
Southwestern Amazonia

In landscapes that support economic and cultural activities, human communities actively manage environments and environmental change at a variety of spatial scales that complicate the effects of continental-scale climate. Here, we demonstrate how hydrological conditions were modified by humans against the backdrop of Holocene climate change in southwestern Amazonia. Paleoecological investigations (phytoliths, charcoal, pollen, diatoms) of two sediment cores extracted from within the same permanent wetland, ∼22 km apart, show a 1,500-y difference in when the intensification of land use and management occurred, including raised field agriculture, fire regime, and agroforestry. Although rising precipitation is well known during the mid to late Holocene, human actions manipulated climate-driven hydrological changes on the landscape, revealing differing histories of human landscape domestication. Environmental factors are unable to account for local differences without the mediation of human communities that transformed the region to its current savanna/forest/wetland mosaic beginning at least 3,500 y ago. Regional environmental variables did not drive the choices made by farmers and fishers, who shaped these local contexts to better manage resource extraction. The savannas we observe today were created in the post-European period, where their fire regime and structural diversity were shaped by cattle ranching.

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Precolonial Sub-Saharan African Farming and Herding Communities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lane ◽  
Anna Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Landscape Domestication

Agricultural practices on the African continent are exceptionally diverse and have deep histories spanning at least eight millennia. Over time, farmers and herders have independently domesticated different food crops and a more limited range of animals, and have effectively modified numerous ecological niches to better suit their needs. They have also adopted “exotic” species from other parts of the globe, nurturing these to produce new cross-breeds and varieties better adapted to African conditions. Evidence for the origins of these different approaches to food production and their subsequent entanglement is attested by diverse sources. These include archaeological remains, bio- and geo-archaeological signatures, genetic data, historical linguistics, and processes of landscape domestication.

scholarly journals The domestication of Amazonia before European conquest

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1812) ◽  
pp. 20150813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Clement ◽  
William M. Denevan ◽  
Michael J. Heckenberger ◽  
André Braga Junqueira ◽  
Eduardo G. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Plant Domestication ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
Regional Systems ◽  
Amazonian Dark Earths ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Landscape Domestication ◽  
Regional Ecology

During the twentieth century, Amazonia was widely regarded as relatively pristine nature, little impacted by human history. This view remains popular despite mounting evidence of substantial human influence over millennial scales across the region. Here, we review the evidence of an anthropogenic Amazonia in response to claims of sparse populations across broad portions of the region. Amazonia was a major centre of crop domestication, with at least 83 native species containing populations domesticated to some degree. Plant domestication occurs in domesticated landscapes, including highly modified Amazonian dark earths (ADEs) associated with large settled populations and that may cover greater than 0.1% of the region. Populations and food production expanded rapidly within land management systems in the mid-Holocene, and complex societies expanded in resource-rich areas creating domesticated landscapes with profound impacts on local and regional ecology. ADE food production projections support estimates of at least eight million people in 1492. By this time, highly diverse regional systems had developed across Amazonia where subsistence resources were created with plant and landscape domestication, including earthworks. This review argues that the Amazonian anthrome was no less socio-culturally diverse or populous than other tropical forested areas of the world prior to European conquest.

Historical landscape domestication in ancestral forests with nutrient-poor soils in northwestern Amazonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 446 ◽  
pp. 317-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Franco-Moraes ◽  
Armindo F.M.B. Baniwa ◽  
Flávia R.C. Costa ◽  
Helena P. Lima ◽  
Charles R. Clement ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Landscape ◽  
Landscape Domestication

scholarly journals Participatory Mapping of Mid-Holocene Anthropogenic Landscapes in Guyana with Kite Aerial Photography

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Isaac Shearn ◽  
Michael J. Heckenberger
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Mound Construction ◽  
Terra Preta ◽  
Landscape Domestication

The nature and degree of human modifications of humid tropical forests in Amazonia have been widely debated over the past two decades. Many regions provide significant evidence of late Holocene anthropogenic influence by settled populations, but the antiquity of human interventions is still poorly understood due to a lack of earlier archaeological sites across the broad region, particularly pertaining to the mid-Holocene. Here we report on Amerindian occupations spanning the period from ca. 6000-3000 BP along the middle Berbice River, Guyana, including early evidence in Amazonia of cultural practices widely considered indicative of settled villages, notably terra preta or “black earth” soils, mound construction, and ceramic technology. These more settled occupations of the mid-Holocene initiated a trajectory of landscape domestication extending into historical times, including larger-scale late Holocene social formations. Collaborative research with local indigenous communities, including archaeological excavations, landscape mapping using kite based aerial photography, and three-dimensional photogrammetry, was designed to promote the decolonization of archaeological knowledge production and encourage indigenous ownership of Amerindian history and cultural heritage in Guyana.

Landscape Domestication and Archaeology

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Clement ◽  
Mariana F. Cassino
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Domestication
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