The concept of the ecosystem of the russian fisheries complex

Целью работы является концептуальное представление развития рыбохозяйственного комплекса (РХК) России в цифровой экономике в соответствии с Национальными целями и Национальной технологической инициативой-2035. Предложен новый подход в виде «Стратегии смежного сегмента» к формированию цифровой экосистемы РХК России. В качестве смежных сегментов предлагается включить в экосистему РХК предприятия и организации сельского хозяйства и пищевой промышленности с использованием единой цифровой платформы. В качестве подсистем РХК выделены две группы: структурные подразделения и региональные системы. Сформулированы ключевые факторы, определяющие трансформацию экономики РХК в биоэкономику полного цикла и основные направления развития инноваций. На примере Калининградской области предложена блок-схема цифровой системы РХК региона с включением в неё бизнес-структур, занимающихся переработкой биоресурсов. Показана необходимость организации опережающего развития науки и образования, синхронизации процессов модернизации и цифровизации для обеспечения трансформации экономики РХК в биоэкономику полного цикла. Предложенная концепция экосистемы РХК способствует устойчивому развитию регионов, решению стратегических задач сохранения местной природной среды. The aim of the work is a conceptual representation of the development of the fishery complex (FC) of Russia in the digital economy in accordance with the National Goals and the National Technological Initiative-2035. A new approach is proposed in the form of a "Strategy of an adjacent segment" to the formation of a digital eco-system of the Russian agricultural complex. As related segments, it is proposed to include enterprises and organizations of agriculture and food industry in the FC ecosystem using a single digital platform. Two groups are distinguished as subsystems of the FC: structural divisions and regional systems. The key factors that determine the transformation of the economy of the FC into a full cycle bioeconomy and the main directions of the development of innovations are formulated. On the example of the Kaliningrad region, a block diagram of the digital system of the regional agricultural complex with the inclusion of business structures engaged in the processing of bio-resources is proposed. The necessity of organizing the advanced development of science and education, synchronizing the processes of modernization and digitalization to ensure the transformation of the economy of the FC into a full cycle bioeconomy is shown. The proposed concept of the FC ecosystem contributes to the sustainable development of regions, the solution of strategic tasks of preserving the local natural environment.

Realities and Prospects of Digital Transformation of Additional Education for Children in Russia

The relevance of the research is due to the development of the digital space and the processes of restructuring the entire education system. Currently, a modern educational environment is being created in Russia to create conditions for the digital transformation of education with access to individual learning trajectories of students. A special place in modern education is occupied by the additional education of children. Additional educational activities are carried out based on target models for the development of regional systems in the regions of Russia. Different approaches to implementation in the field of digitalization are being developed in each subject of the Russian Federation. In this regard, it becomes relevant to assess the readiness of institutions of additional education for children in the regions to the challenges of modern digital society. The purpose of the publication is to identify the current state and prospects of digital transformation of additional education for children in Russia (on the example of the Komi Republic), considering the key features of the development of the modern digital industry. The leading methodological approaches to the study of the problem under study are system-pragmatist, personality-oriented, and differentiated. The methods of socio-historical and theoretical-methodological analysis, evaluation and generalization of the best practices of institutions for additional education of children, analysis of normative and program documents, and comparative analysis of static data were used in the course of the research. The main trends in the digital transformation of additional education for children have been identified. Promising directions for the development of additional education for children have been identified, considering the key approaches to the implementation of the National Technological Initiative and the National Project "Education". End-to-end technologies of the digital industry have been identified as a result of the research and the correspondence of the directions of educational programs in modern models for additional education of children to these technologies has been determined. The experience of educational activities in modern centers of additional education of the Komi Republic has been summarized: "Kvantorium", "IT-cube", "House of scientific collaboration". The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using the obtained data to improve the processes of digital transformation of additional technical education. The research materials can be in demand by managers, methodologists, teachers of the system of additional education for children when developing the concept of development and planning educational activities.

The Contribution of Spatial Interaction Modelling to Spatial History: The Case of Central Places and their Hinterlands in the Territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire

Research on spatial history can be enriched by using approaches from quantitative geography. We analyse an historical regional system and highlight three basic assumptions, building upon Christaller’s central place theory: cities do not stand alone in space, they interact with their hinterlands, and they are hierarchically organised. We investigate the relative position of central places in space and define their hinterlands using a spatial interaction modelling approach. We present the example of functional regional taxonomy in past environments, which therefore has a higher degree of uncertainty in the results and in their interpretation. We use a variant of Reilly’s model to define the functional regions in Austria-Hungary at the beginning and at the end of the 20th century. We present a possible interpretation of the model results based on the identification of the major factors responsible for developments in the urban and regional systems of Austria-Hungary over 100 years. We conclude that the development of urban and regional systems in the territory of the former Austria-Hungary was not considerably affected by the role of political-economic systems, the administrative organisation of states, nor by the different stages in economic development of its formerly constituent territories.

Digital Transformation in the Agrarian and Industrial Sectors of the Russian Regional Economics

The article displays the results of comparing the digitalization process in agrarian and industrial production. The objects of study are the companies of the eighty-two Russian regions. The information was obtained from open-access resources of the Russian State Statistics Bureau. The research aims at revealing the differentiation and the specific interconnection of digital transformation in agriculture and industrial production at the regional level. The observations prove the idea that the digitalization path and tempo depend on the unique regional conditions and the accumulated level of scientific and innovative potential. A controversy is revealed in the methodology of evaluating the digital maturity rate which was proposed by the Russian regulators for assessments at the federal and regional scale. The methodology implies equal weights of significance attributed to various sectors when measuring the regional level of digital transformation. Consequently, the socioeconomic context of the diverse regional systems is treated as a barrier to digitalization and an obstacle to intensive development. At the same time, it is a question of open discussion if digitalization of such peculiar sectors as agriculture and industrial production should be measured with similar methods.

FEATURES AND WAYS OF DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM

The article is devoted to the consideration of the functioning of the regional innovation system, which plays an important role in changing the paradigm of economic development from the natural resource to innovative technological. The object of study is the Republic of Udmurtia, which refers to industrial-oriented regions of the Russian Federation. The authors identified the features of the region affecting the development of the innovation sphere, emphasized the importance of regulatory and legal support of innovative processes, and disclosed the content of state regulation of the relationship between the subjects of innovation. In addition, the criteria for assessing the regulatory framework of the Innovation Policy of the region are presented. The results of the expert survey among leading specialists and scientists of Udmurtia on the state of innovative development of the economic and legal system of the region made it possible to draw conclusions about the general state of innovation in the region. Experts highlighted current factors, positively and negatively affecting the development of the innovation sphere in the Udmurt Republic. This made it possible to offer a list of elements of the innovation support system at the regional level. The issues that determine the features and level of development of regional systems in the field of innovation are formulated, the solution of which will have a positive effect on the overall level of innovative regional development and will make it possible to form a viable innovation management system.

Environment protection and Human Rights: The urban environment in International Courts of Human Rights

This article is about the relation between environmental protection and human rights. The right to healthy environment is directly related to the right to life, in its meaning quality of life. The right to the environment has been analyzed in an indirect and reflexive way in regional systems for the protection of human rights. The purpose of this study is to analyze the right to the urban environment in the jurisprudence of the Inter-American and European human Rights Systems. In the methodological context, the analysis will be made of the theory and international legislation of these regional systems on the environment, the jurisprudence analysis of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and the European Court of Human Rights on the urban environment. Possible contributions will be made by the European Court to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights for the extension of environmental protection in the urban context.

Local changes in regional settlement systems: conditions, features, trends

Introduction. Territorial planning is a basic component of urban planning activities that can ensure a balanced development of the systems of localities. Traditional approaches assume the completeness and accuracy of the assessment of the exis­ting state of the territory. They are poorly consistent with the new features and trends of their organization at the regional level. To improve the system of making urban planning decisions, it is important to determine the characteristics of the observed processes and phenomena, to determine the causes of their occurrence and to predict the consequences. These factors determine the specifics of changes in regional systems. Materials and methods. The study was conducted because of publicly available data: legislative and regulatory acts, open cartographic sources, documents of territorial planning of the subjects of the Russian Federation, materials of urban planning design practice, published works of foreign and domestic scientists. For their generalization and analysis, system analysis, methods of theoretical modeling, and prototyping were used. Results. Based on the systematization of the latest urban planning practice, local changes in regional systems are identified as one of the leading trends. They are determined by socio-economic conditions. The influence of a complex of factors causes the peculiarities of the location of local objects on the territory and the choice of functional programs for their development. Based on the classification and analysis of the identification features of the interaction of regional settlement systems and objects, a theoretical model of their reorganization is developed. Conclusions. The formation of local urbanized formations in Russia is influenced by global trends of regionalization. They are manifested in the polarization of space, the selectivity of the design location of special objects of urban development activities, corresponding to a comprehensive account of regional specifics. New principles of urban planning are being formed in the context of the adopted national strategies, concepts and programs. They combine both the maximum stability of exis­ting systems of localities and their innovatization. This makes it possible to achieve a guaranteed improvement in the quality of life and the human environment in the process of reorganizing the systems of populated places.

FEATURES OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL SYSTEMS

Актуальность предложенной статьи обусловлена вопросами устойчивого развития регионов, получившее распространение в связи с концепцией устойчивого развития, выдвинутой мировым сообществом на рубеже 80-90-х гг. XX в.. В последние годы этот процесс заметно интенсифицируется, что связано с возрастающим значением устойчивого развития регионов как важнейшего фактора повышения эффективности в новых условиях хозяйствования. Ведущим подходом к исследованию данной проблемы является задействование прогрессивных источников экономического роста, значительного усиления экологизации хозяйственной деятельности, создания условий для развития человеческого потенциала. The relevance of the proposed article is due to the issues of sustainable development of regions, which became widespread in connection with the concept of sustainable development put forward by the world community at the turn of the 80-90s. XX century. In recent years, this process has been noticeably intensified, which is associated with the increasing importance of sustainable development of regions as the most important factor in increasing efficiency in the new economic conditions. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the involvement of progressive sources of economic growth, a significant increase in the greening of economic activity, and the creation of conditions for the development of human potential.