Study of Surface Water Drainage: Field Investigation

When considering the factors affecting the spatial and temporal variation of nitrogen and phosphorus in karst watersheds, the unique karst hydrogeology as an internal influencing factor cannot be ignored, as well as natural factors such as meteorological hydrology and external factors such as human activities. A watershed-scale field investigation was completed to statistically analyze spatial and temporal dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus through the regular monitoring and collection of surface water and shallow groundwater in the agricultural-dominated Mudong River watershed in the Huixian Karst Wetland over one year (May 2020 to April 2021). Our research found that non-point source pollution of nitrogen (84.5% of 239 samples TN > 1.0 mg/L) was more serious than phosphorus (7.5% of 239 samples TP > 0.2 mg/L) in the study area, and shallow groundwater nitrogen pollution (98.3% of 118 samples TN > 1.0 mg/L) was more serious than surface water (68.6% of 121 samples TN > 1.0 mg/L). In the three regions with different hydrodynamic features, the TN concentration was higher and dominated by NO3−-N in the river in the northern recharge area, while the concentrations of TN and TP were the highest in shallow groundwater wells in the central wetland core area and increased along the surface water flow direction in the western discharge area. This research will help improve the knowledge about the influence of karst hydrodynamic features on the spatial patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus in water, paying attention to the quality protection and security of water in karst areas with a fragile water ecological environment.

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Transformations and nitrate sources in an agricultural watershed(Quanshui River, China): An investigation using hydrogeochemistry, isotopes, and a Bayesian model

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-3618 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mingda Cao

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Bayesian Model ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Agricultural Watershed ◽

Agricultural Activities ◽

Transformation Mechanism ◽

Chemical Fertilizers ◽

Nitrate Sources ◽

The Difference

The spatiotemporal changes of nitrate in agricultural watersheds are of global concern. Although numerous studies have explained the source and transformation mechanism of nitrate in groundwater and surface water, the transformation mechanism in groundwater remains poorly understood because of different hydrogeological and climatic conditions. Based on a field investigation and sampling, this study revealed the sources and transformation mechanism of nitrogen in surface water and groundwater in a karst agricultural watershed by comprehensively using water chemistry data, isotope components, and a Bayesian model (simmr). The results indicated that:1)Local agricultural activities have controlled the changes of &#948;15N-NO3-, &#948;18O-NO3- and &#948;15N-NH4+ in groundwater. The difference is that the concentration of NO3- is significantly affected by rainfall. However, the contribution of rainfall to groundwater NO3- is relatively small (<9%), indicating that there is a dual influence mechanism of leaching in the watershed that controls the concentration of groundwater NO3-, while agricultural activities control its isotope changes;2)The study observed that after fertilization, due to the influence of ammonia volatilization and nitrification, &#948;15N-NO3-, &#948;18O-NO3- in groundwater showed a simultaneous decrease, while &#948;15N-NH4+ showed an increasing trend, which may be due to the result of incomplete nitration of NH4+ in the vadose zone;3)According to the calculation results of the simmr model, in the two main fertilization periods in October 2018 and April 2019, the contribution of chemical fertilizers to groundwater NO3-reached the peak value(65% and 69%), which is in line with the seasonal variations of &#948;15N-NO3-, &#948;18O-NO3-and &#948;15N-NH4+;4)The surface water in the watershed is mainly supplied by groundwater, and the contribution of chemical fertilizers to surface water NO3- is generally higher than that of groundwater. This may be caused by the drainage of rice fields containing chemical fertilizers into the river.

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6233 surface water drainage [n]

Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning ◽

10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_14337 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 1004-1004

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Water Drainage

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Simulasi Perancangan Drainase Muka Tanah pada Bandar Udara Achmad Yani Semarang Sebagai Salah Satu Usaha Pencegahan Banjir

WARTA ARDHIA ◽

10.25104/wa.v39i4.127.305-316 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 305-316

Author(s):

Ataline Muliasari ◽

Lupi Wahyuningsih

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Cross Section ◽

Land Surface ◽

Drainage Channel ◽

Water Drainage ◽

Hydraulic Radius ◽

Channel Depth ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Surface Drainage ◽

Sectional Shape

Drainage is defined as surface water drainage, either by gravity or by pump which aims to prevent inundation, maintain and lower the water level im order to avoid the amount of water. Ahmad Yani Airport has a poor drainage systems. Furthermore, land subsidence in Semarang area potential for experiencing flooding when the rainy season with a fairly high rainfall. Based on the results of processing the data showed that it is needed the land surface drainage channel with a cross-sectional shape of a trapezium. When the width of the base of the cross section is 3 meters , then the required channel depth is 3.9 meters with a hydraulic radius is 0.82-meter, and hydraulic depth is 3.05 meters. Drainase didefinisikan sebagai pembuangan air permukaan, baik secara gravitasi maupun dengan pompa yang bertujuan untuk mencegah terjadinya genangan, menjaga dan menurunkan permukaan air sehingga genangan air dapat dihindarkan. Bandar Udara Ahmad Yani dengan kondisi sistem drainase yang kurang baik dan penurunan permukaan tanah di wilayah Semarang, maka bila musim penghujan tiba dengan curah hujan yang cukup tinggi selalu berpotensi untuk mengalami banjir. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data juga didapatkan hasil bahwa untuk menyesuaikan antara curah hujan di wilayah Semarang dengan luas area Bandar udara Achmad Yani diperlukan saluran drainase muka tanah berupa saluran dengan bentuk penampang trapezium. Bila lebar dasar dari penampang trapezim tersebut adalah 3 meter, maka diperlukan saluran sedalam 3,9 meter dengan Jari-jari hydraulic 0,82 meter, dan kedalaman hydraulic 3,05 meter.

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A Design Method For Landslide Surface Water Drainage Control

Environmental and Engineering Geoscience ◽

10.2113/gseegeosci.23.4.275 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 275-289

Author(s):

Benjamin D. Haugen

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Design Method ◽

Design Procedure ◽

Water Drainage ◽

Technical Literature ◽

Design Procedures ◽

Landslide Mitigation ◽

Preferential Pathways ◽

Subsurface Drains

Abstract Infiltration of surface water increases pore water pressures in slopes and reduces their stability. Common landslide features such as tension cracks and sag ponds can act as preferential pathways for surface drainage and may increase infiltration and exacerbate pore pressure–induced instability. Surface water drainage control is likewise recommended by numerous authors as an effective and inexpensive landslide mitigation method and has been shown to reduce the risk of landslides. While robust design procedures for other geotechnical applications exist (e.g., slope reduction, subsurface drains), similar procedures for landslide surface water drainage control have remained largely ad hoc and vary among practitioners. The objective of this article is to summarize technical literature related to surface water drainage control and provide a coherent design procedure for landslides.

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Surface Water Drainage. Construction of Railroad. Staton v. Norfolk & C. R. Co., 16 S. E. Rep. 181 (N. Carolina)

The Yale Law Journal ◽

10.2307/780941 ◽

1893 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 124

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Water Drainage

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