Distribution Planning of LPG to Gas Stations in the Aegean Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 675-688
Author(s):  
Berfin Alkan ◽  
Berfin Dilsan Kikizade ◽  
Buse Karadan ◽  
Çağatay Duysak ◽  
Elif Hande Küpeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Planning ◽  
Aegean Region ◽  
Gas Stations

Equipment dentifying Vapor Leakages and Recovery of Petroleum Product Vapor When Stored

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Y.N. Rybakov ◽  
◽  
V.E. Danilov ◽  
I.V. Danilov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Petroleum Product ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Carnot Cycle ◽  
Oil Supply ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
Vapor Absorption

The problem of losses of oil products from leaks during their storage and transportation at oil supply facilities is considered. The influence of oil product leaks on the environmental situation around oil depots and gas stations is shown. A detailed overview of existing methods and tools for detecting leaks of petroleum products from storage facilities is presented. The evaluation of their effectiveness. Two methods for detecting oil leaks and devices based on them are proposed. The first device monitors the movement of liquid in the tank, the second-detects petroleum products in wastewater. The problem of recovery of petroleum vapors and environmental pollution from the release of vapors of light fractions into the atmosphere is also considered. An overview of existing methods and means of recovery of petroleum vapors is presented. Two methods and devices for capturing oil vapors and returning them to the reservoir are proposed, based on different principles: vapor absorption in the cooled oil product and vapor recovery on the principle of the Carnot cycle. It is shown that these devices can provide effective detection of oil leaks and recovery of their vapors, as well as improve the effectiveness of environmental protection at modern gas stations and tank farms.

Commercial Development at Rural and Small-Town Interstate Exits

1998 ◽  
Vol 1649 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Hartgen ◽  
Ji Youn Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Site Competition

Commercial development at 63 rural and small-town Interstate exits is quantified and related to local market wealth, size, geography, access, traffic, site competition, and other development. Five development types (gas stations, convenience stores, fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants, and motels) are studied. The geographic information system TransCAD 3.0 is used to determine network access and local trade area characteristics. Models are then estimated for each development type using classification and regression techniques separately and in combination. Model estimates are then compared with actual development. Results show that the relationships are complex, often nonlinear; and show high correlation between development types. The findings should be useful for planning exit land use, coordinating market assessments, determining the value of land, and assessing sites for business placement.

3.2 ka BP Megadrought and the Late Bronze Age Collapse

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kaniewski ◽  
Elise Van Campo
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Prime Factor ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Southwest Asia ◽  
Aegean Region ◽  
Climate Shift ◽  
Dark Ages ◽  
Political Unrest ◽  
Mediterranean Archaeology

The collapse of Bronze Age civilizations in the Aegean, southwest Asia, and the eastern Mediterranean 3200 years ago remains a persistent riddle in Eastern Mediterranean archaeology, as both archaeologists and historians believe the event was violent, sudden, and culturally disruptive. In the first phase of this period, many cities between Pylos and Gaza were destroyed violently and often left unoccupied thereafter. The palace economy of the Aegean Region and Anatolia that characterized the Late Bronze Age was replaced by the isolated village cultures of the Dark Ages. Earthquakes, attacks of the Sea Peoples, and socio-political unrest are among the most frequently suggested causes for this phenomenon. However, while climate change has long been considered a potential prime factor in this crisis, only recent studies have pinpointed the megadrought behind the collapse. An abrupt climate shift seems to have caused, or hastened, the fall of the Late Bronze Age world by sparking political and economic turmoil, migrations, and famines. The entirety of the megadrought’s effects terminated the Late Bronze Age in the eastern Mediterranean.

Urban Impacts of Mobile Fuel Delivery Service

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812097541
Author(s):  
Andrea Broaddus
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Urban Impacts ◽  
Fuel Delivery ◽  
Declining Demand ◽  
Multiple Vehicles ◽  
Gas Station

Mobile fuel delivery (MFD) uses a fueling truck to fill up personal and commercial fleet vehicles while they are parked overnight. This study used a sample data set provided by a San Francisco Bay Area company to explore the potential impacts on vehicle miles traveled (VMT), carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and traffic congestion. An analysis of vehicle travel associated with gas station trips was conducted to establish a basis for comparison. Future scenarios comparing the potential impacts of scaled-up MFD services in 2030 were also developed. The study concluded that MFD services compared favorably to gas stations in relation to environmental and traffic benefits in the longer term, even though personal fueling trips tended to generate low VMT. Benefits stemmed from efficiencies achieved by fueling multiple vehicles per delivery trip, replacing car share vehicle fueling trips, and removing trips from the network during peak hours. This analysis estimated that total annual CO2 emissions associated with fuel delivery operations in the Bay Area were 76 metric tons, which is less than a typical gas station with 97 metric tons. Under assumptions of declining demand for gasoline and significantly fewer gas stations, and with highly efficient optimized operations, mobile delivery could gain up to 5% market share for gas and not add additional VMT over the business as usual scenario.

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