Optimization of Transmission Ratios for Two-Stage Bevel Helical Gearboxes Based on Cost Function

In the present paper, we have considered the problem of estimation of population mean in the presence of non-response under two-stage sampling. Two different models of non-response with deterministic response mechanism have been discussed in the paper. The estimators under two non-response models have been developed by using Hansen and Hurwitz (1946) technique. The expressions for the variances and estimates of variance of these estimators have been derived. The optimum values of sample sizes have been obtained by considering a suitable cost function for a fixed variance. A limited simulation study has been carried out to examine the magnitude of percent relative loss (% RL) in standard error due to non-response. An empirical study with the real populations has also been carried out to assess the % RL in standard error due to non-response.

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A New Separable Piecewise Linear Learning Algorithm for the Stochastic Empty Container Repositioning Problem

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/4762064 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Shaorui Zhou ◽

Xiaopo Zhuo ◽

Zhiming Chen ◽

Yi Tao

Keyword(s):

Cost Function ◽

Programming Model ◽

Learning Algorithm ◽

Piecewise Linear ◽

Two Stage ◽

Empty Container ◽

Expected Cost ◽

Stochastic Programs ◽

Empty Container Repositioning ◽

Empty Containers

A common challenge faced by liner operators in practice is to effectively allocate empty containers now in a way that minimizes the expectation of costs and reduces inefficiencies in the future with uncertainty. To incorporate uncertainties in the operational model, we formulate a two-stage stochastic programming model for the stochastic empty container repositioning (ECR) problem. This paper proposes a separable piecewise linear learning algorithm (SPELL) to approximate the expected cost function. The core of SPELL involves learning steps that provide information for updating the expected cost function adaptively through a sequence of piecewise linear separable approximations. Moreover, SPELL can utilize the network structure of the ECR problem and does not require any information about the distribution of the uncertain parameters. For the two-stage stochastic programs, we prove the convergence of SPELL. Computational results show that SPELL performs well in terms of operating costs. When the scale of the problem is very large and the dimensionality of the problem is increased, SPELL continues to provide consistent performance very efficiently and exhibits excellent convergence performance.

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Continuous Line Drawings and Designs

International Journal of Creative Interfaces and Computer Graphics ◽

10.4018/ijcicg.2014070102 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 16-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hua Li ◽

David Mould

Keyword(s):

Cost Function ◽

Structural Information ◽

Line Drawing ◽

Continuous Line ◽

Two Stage ◽

Propagation Process ◽

Line Drawings ◽

Key Features ◽

Single Boundary ◽

Automatic Algorithm

Continuous Line Drawing (CLD) is a drawing style where a picture consists of a single closed non-intersecting line. This paper presents an automatic algorithm for constructing CLDs, with tone and structural information obtained from input images. The connectivity of the line is maintained through a tree generated by path finding with consideration of the key features for a given image. A branching tree structure is grown incrementally by selecting pixels by a cost function, relating to both the tone map and an importance map. After labeling each branch, an artificial wall is then constructed through a two-stage labeling propagation process to produce a single boundary, interpreted as the final CLD. The presented CLD method is effective and automatic, and provides some opportunities for variations. The paper also shows how to design CLDs from scratch using three steps: building base structures, forming shapes by thickening, and extracting CLDs by tracing the boundary of the shapes.

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Efficiency of Domain Mean Estimators in the Presence of Non-response Using Two-Stage Sampling with Non-linear and Linear Cost Function

Annals of Data Science ◽

10.1007/s40745-020-00312-x ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

David A. Alilah ◽

C. O. Ouma ◽

E. O. Ombaka

Keyword(s):

Cost Function ◽

Two Stage ◽

Non Linear ◽

Linear Cost

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Chickens, Feed Grains, or Both: The Mexican Market

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/aae.2018.33 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (02) ◽

pp. 286-303

Author(s):

Carlos Arnade ◽

Christopher G. Davis

Keyword(s):

Cost Function ◽

Demand System ◽

Demand Systems ◽

Almost Ideal Demand System ◽

Translog Cost Function ◽

Two Stage ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

Aids Model ◽

Broiler Production ◽

Using Data

AbstractThis study connects Mexico’s imports of U.S. broiler meat with its imports of feed products. Two demand systems for Mexico are estimated: a two-stage Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model for broiler meat and a demand for feed derived from a translog cost function representing the production of Mexican chickens. The models are estimated using data from 1997 to 2016. Given a change in policy where Mexico completely replaces U.S. broiler meat imports, the imports of U.S. feed products will increase. If Mexico does not completely replace U.S. imports with domestic broiler production, our model suggests that Mexican imports of U.S. feed fall.

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Two-stage self-seeding method for preparation of single crystals of poly(phenylene sulfide)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100153816 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 368-369

Author(s):

Sengshiu Chung ◽

Peggy Cebe

Keyword(s):

Single Crystals ◽

High Performance ◽

Dilute Solution ◽

Two Stage ◽

Annealing Behavior ◽

High Performance Polymers ◽

Seeding Method ◽

Phenylene Sulfide

We are studying the crystallization and annealing behavior of high performance polymers, like poly(p-pheny1ene sulfide) PPS, and poly-(etheretherketone), PEEK. Our purpose is to determine whether PPS, which is similar in many ways to PEEK, undergoes reorganization during annealing. In an effort to address the issue of reorganization, we are studying solution grown single crystals of PPS as model materials.Observation of solution grown PPS crystals has been reported. Even from dilute solution, embrionic spherulites and aggregates were formed. We observe that these morphologies result when solutions containing uncrystallized polymer are cooled. To obtain samples of uniform single crystals, we have used two-stage self seeding and solution replacement techniques.

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