Shear Stress Rapidly Alters the Physical Properties of Vascular Endothelial Cell Membranes by Decreasing Their Lipid Order and Increasing Their Fluidity

2014 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
K. Yamamoto ◽  
Akira Kamiya ◽  
Joji Ando
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Lipid Order

scholarly journals Turbulent fluid shear stress induces vascular endothelial cell turnover in vitro.

1986 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 2114-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Davies ◽  
A. Remuzzi ◽  
E. J. Gordon ◽  
C. F. Dewey ◽  
M. A. Gimbrone
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Fluid Shear Stress ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Cell Turnover ◽  
Fluid Shear ◽  
Turbulent Fluid

scholarly journals Rac1 mediates laminar shear stress-induced vascular endothelial cell migration

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 472-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianliang Huang ◽  
Yang Shen ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Lin Wei ◽  
Yi Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Endothelial Cell Migration ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Laminar Shear Stress ◽  
Laminar Shear

Autophagy Regulates Vascular Endothelial Cell eNOS and ET-1 Expression Induced by Laminar Shear Stress in an Ex Vivo Perfused System

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1978-1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengxia Guo ◽  
Xiaohong Li ◽  
Juan Peng ◽  
Yaling Tang ◽  
Qin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Laminar Shear Stress ◽  
Laminar Shear

Vascular endothelial cell membranes differentiate between stretch and shear stress through transitions in their lipid phases

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (7) ◽  
pp. H1178-H1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiko Yamamoto ◽  
Joji Ando
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Membrane Fluidity ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Lipid Order ◽  
Hypotonic Swelling

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) respond to the hemodynamic forces stretch and shear stress by altering their morphology, functions, and gene expression. However, how they sense and differentiate between these two forces has remained unknown. Here we report that the plasma membrane itself differentiates between stretch and shear stress by undergoing transitions in its lipid phases. Uniaxial stretching and hypotonic swelling increased the lipid order of human pulmonary artery EC plasma membranes, thereby causing a transition from the liquid-disordered phase to the liquid-ordered phase in some areas, along with a decrease in membrane fluidity. In contrast, shear stress decreased the membrane lipid order and increased membrane fluidity. A similar increase in lipid order occurred when the artificial lipid bilayer membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles were stretched by hypotonic swelling, indicating that this is a physical phenomenon. The cholesterol content of EC plasma membranes significantly increased in response to stretch but clearly decreased in response to shear stress. Blocking these changes in the membrane lipid order by depleting membrane cholesterol with methyl-β-cyclodextrin or by adding cholesterol resulted in a marked inhibition of the EC response specific to stretch and shear stress, i.e., phosphorylation of PDGF receptors and phosphorylation of VEGF receptors, respectively. These findings indicate that EC plasma membranes differently respond to stretch and shear stress by changing their lipid order, fluidity, and cholesterol content in opposite directions and that these changes in membrane physical properties are involved in the mechanotransduction that activates membrane receptors specific to each force.

Effects of Pulsatile Flow on Cultured Vascular Endothelial Cell Morphology

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Helmlinger ◽  
R. V. Geiger ◽  
S. Schreck ◽  
R. M. Nerem
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Pulsatile Flow ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Type I ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Type Ii

Endothelial cells (EC) appear to adapt their morphology and function to the in vivo hemodynamic environment in which they reside. In vitro experiments indicate that similar alterations occur for cultured EC exposed to a laminar steady-state flow-induced shear stress. However, in vivo EC are exposed to a pulsatile flow environment; thus, in this investigation, the influence of pulsatile flow on cell shape and orientation and on actin microfilament localization in confluent bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAEC) monolayers was studied using a 1-Hz nonreversing sinusoidal shear stress of 40 ± 20 dynes/cm2 (type I), 1-Hz reversing sinusoidal shear stresses of 20 ± 40 and 10 ± 15 dynes/cm2 (type II), and 1-Hz oscillatory shear stresses of 0 ± 20 and 0 ± 40 dynes/cm2 (type III). The results show that in a type I nonreversing flow, cell shape changed less rapidly, but cells took on a more elongated shape than their steady flow controls long-term. For low-amplitude type II reversing flow, BAECs changed less rapidly in shape and were always less elongated than their steady controls; however, for high amplitude reversal, BAECs did not stay attached for more than 24 hours. For type III oscillatory flows, BAEC cell shape remained polygonal as in static culture and did not exhibit actin stress fibers, such as occurred in all other flows. These results demonstrate that EC can discriminate between different types of pulsatile flow environments. Furthermore, these experiments indicate the importance of engineering the cell culture environment so as to include pulsatile flow in investigations of vascular endothelial cell biology, whether these studies are designed to study vascular biology and the role of the endothelial cell in disease processes, or are ones leading to the development of hybrid, endothelial cell-preseeded vascular grafts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document