Discussion of Literature Review and Preliminary Data Analysis

Author(s):  
Victoria Hill
2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sabrina Trigo ◽  
Kaitlin Gonzalez ◽  
Livio Di Matteo ◽  
Asmaa Ismail ◽  
Hazem Elmansy ◽  
...  

Background: The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine has long been used for the prevention of tuberculosis (TB) around the world. BCG is also used as an immunotherapy agent for the treatment of non-muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer. This scoping literature review and preliminary data analysis aims to summarize the literature correlating infantile BCG vaccination with the incidence of future bladder cancer. Methods: Studies were identified by a formal literature search of MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Registrar of Controlled Trials following PRISMA guidelines. Preliminary data analysis was conducted on publicly accessible data summarizing the impact of gender, BCG vaccination, and socio-economic effects on crude and age-standardized rates of bladder cancer. Results: As part of our analysis, preliminary regression models demonstrated BCG vaccination status, gender, and socio-economic status to have statistically significant effects on crude and age-standardized rates of bladder cancer incidence. BCG vaccination was associated with a 35-37% lower age-standardized rate of bladder cancer incidence. Conclusions: There is very little literature examining the relationship between prior BCG vaccination and rates of bladder cancer incidence. Our limited data analysis indicates that a relationship does exist between infantile BCG vaccination and later bladder cancer development, although extensive future investigation is needed in this area.


2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 2199-2206
Author(s):  
N.A. Zakaria ◽  
S.H.M. Yusoff ◽  
N.A.M. Rizal ◽  
N.S.A. Hamid ◽  
M.H. Hashim ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (6-8) ◽  
pp. 748-767
Author(s):  
Catalina Iordache ◽  
Leo Van Audenhove ◽  
Jan Loisen

Recent developments in the online distribution and consumption of audio-visual content have brought relevant changes to the transnational flow of content. Thus, the need for a theoretical and methodological rejuvenation of flows research has been signalled. The aim of the present study is to analyse the different flow studies throughout time, following a series of parameters such as research question, methodology and scale of study. This article is a systematic literature review of 30 flow studies on film and television programmes, published between 1974 and 2014. The methods used by the studies are brought into focus and discussed thoroughly, in light of the method of data collection, the type of data used and the method of data analysis. Main findings show an evolution towards more detailed research, to include more contextual factors, an increased use of secondary data, as well as more focused regional and comparative studies.


Author(s):  
F.E. Colchester ◽  
D.A. Clifton ◽  
R. Hope ◽  
P. Thomson ◽  
H. Greeff

Author(s):  
Christopher Chatfield ◽  
Alexander J. Collins

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Umar ◽  
◽  
S. F. Natasha ◽  
S. S. N. Aminah ◽  
K. N. Juhari ◽  
...  

Al-Ulum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nawir ◽  
Sam'un Mukramin ◽  
Lukman Ismail ◽  
Maemunah Maemunah ◽  
Irma Rachmawati

This paper focuses on the conflict of radicalism and anarchism in contemporary society. This research is qualitative with a literature review. The literature collected comes from several national and international articles, proceedings, books, and other references related to the issue of radicalism and anarchism in a global society. The data analysis is carried out by reviewing related references and looking for unique points to find findings in the study. This study finds that a strong ideology influences society, so understanding the conflict between radicalism and anarchism in modern society also develops.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Harmanto Harmanto ◽  
Suyoto Suyoto ◽  
Jody Diamond

This study aimed to reveal the concept of Tumbuk in Javanese gamelan tuning, namely gamêlan agêng with Sléndro and Pélog. This study used a qualitative method with an ethical emic perspective. The data collection was done by conducting literature review, observation, interviews, and studio work, then processed with data analysis. The data analysis then was followed up through data interaction by interpreting the relationship reactions of the three elements of analysis consisting of data collection, data reduction, and data presentation. The interpretation of the data was done inductively, so that the conclusion was drawn entirely from the development of the data according to the realities of the field. The results showed that tumbuk was not only limited to a note that has the same high and low, but it is a musical concept that integrates the Sléndro and Pélog scales in the tuning of a set of gamelans. There are basically only two types of tumbuk: nêm tumbuk and lima tumbuk. Other than those, it means that they are the strut. The thing is,tumbuk has a central tone that serves as a benchmark and a supporting tone whose position strengthens the integration of each type of tumbuk. As a concept, it was found that tumbuk plays several important roles including equalizing the highs and lows of certain notes, equalizing the range of certain notes, and conditioning the range of notes or the addition of the tune.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Qurrotul Ainin Sholikhah ◽  
Himatul Aliyah

Abstract. This research was conducted to determine the urgency of Dawud fasting for women from a physio-psychological perspective. This research is a type of qualitative descriptive research, by making direct observations or observations. The target of this study is to determine the urgency of Dawud fasting in women from the perspective of physio-psychology and Sufism for students of the Jagad Alimussirry Islamic boarding school. The data collection technique was carried out by means of interview and literature review. Meanwhile, for data analysis, the  researcher used an interactive model from Miles and Huberman and to test the validity of the data,the researcher  used Triangulation technique. The results obtained that the habit of Dawud Sunnah fasting for women could make them accustomed to be able to introspect (muhasabah) their own mistakes, be patient and sincere, motivate oneself to think positively and optimistically, be empathetic towards others and adapt well to the environment. Dawud fasting is very important and suitable for the fair sex. By not leaving Lillahita'ala's intention to worship, it will automatically train a variety of things that can guide a women in facing every problems in their life as well as making a women special not only physically but also psychologically and spiritually.


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