Stimulation and Recording Electrodes: General Concepts

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Naser Pour Aryan ◽  
Hans Kaim ◽  
Albrecht Rothermel
Keyword(s):  
Recording Electrodes

scholarly journals Using Interleaved Stimulation to Measure the Size and Selectivity of the Sustained Phase-Locked Neural Response to Cochlear Implant Stimulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Carlyon ◽  
François Guérit ◽  
John M. Deeks ◽  
Andrew Harland ◽  
Robin Gransier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Group Delay ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Pulse Trains ◽  
Charge Integration ◽  
Recording Electrodes ◽  
Time Point ◽  
Do So

AbstractWe measured the sustained neural response to electrical stimulation by a cochlear implant (CI). To do so, we interleaved two stimuli with frequencies F1 and F2 Hz and recorded a neural distortion response (NDR) at F2-F1 Hz. We show that, because any one time point contains only the F1 or F2 stimulus, the instantaneous nonlinearities typical of electrical artefact should not produce distortion at this frequency. However, if the stimulus is smoothed, such as by charge integration at the nerve membrane, subsequent (neural) nonlinearities can produce a component at F2-F1 Hz. We stimulated a single CI electrode with interleaved sinusoids or interleaved amplitude-modulated pulse trains such that F2 = 1.5F1, and found no evidence for an NDR when F2-F1 was between 90 and 120 Hz. However, interleaved amplitude-modulated pulse trains with F2-F1~40 Hz revealed a substantial NDR with a group delay of about 45 ms, consistent with a thalamic and/or cortical response. The NDR could be measured even from recording electrodes adjacent to the implant and at the highest pulse rates (> 4000 pps) used clinically. We then measured the selectivity of this sustained response by presenting F1 and F2 to different electrodes and at different between-electrode distances. This revealed a broad tuning that, we argue, reflects the overlap between the excitation elicited by the two electrodes. Our results also provide a glimpse of the neural nonlinearity in the auditory system, unaffected by the biomechanical cochlear nonlinearities that accompany acoustic stimulation. Several potential clinical applications of our findings are discussed.

Classification of EEG Mental Patterns by Using Two Scalp Electrodes and Mahalanobis Distance-Based Classifiers

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Cincotti ◽  
D. Mattia ◽  
C. Babiloni ◽  
F. Carducci ◽  
L. Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mahalanobis Distance ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
Interface Area ◽  
System A ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Full Covariance Matrix ◽  
Recording Electrodes

Summary Objectives: In this paper, we explored the use of quadratic classifiers based on Mahalanobis distance to detect mental EEG patterns from a reduced set of scalp recording electrodes. Methods: Electrodes are placed in scalp centro-parietal zones (C3, P3, C4 and P4 positions of the international 10-20 system). A Mahalanobis distance classifier based on the use of full covariance matrix was used. Results: The quadratic classifier was able to detect EEG activity related to imagination of movement with an affordable accuracy (97% correct classification, on average) by using only C3 and C4 electrodes. Conclusions: Such a result is interesting for the use of Mahalanobis-based classifiers in the brain computer interface area.

scholarly journals Aptamer-functionalized neural recording electrodes for the direct measurement of cocaine in vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 2445-2458 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mitch Taylor ◽  
Zhanhong Du ◽  
Emma T. Bigelow ◽  
James R. Eles ◽  
Anthony R. Horner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Neural Recording ◽  
Dna Aptamer ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Recording Electrodes

First everin vivosensor for directly measuring cocaine concentration in the brainviaelectrochemical detection at DNA aptamer functionalized single shank, silicon-based neural recording probes.

Excitation conduction in Meissner's plexus of rabbit small intestine.

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. E109
Author(s):  
S Yokoyama ◽  
T Ozaki ◽  
T Kajitsuka
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Electrical Stimulus ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Nerve Impulses ◽  
Conduction Velocities ◽  
Rabbit Small Intestine ◽  
Recording Electrodes

Excitation conduction in Meissner's plexus of the rabit small intestine was investigated by analyzing the records of potentials evoked by a single electrical stimulus applied to this plexus. Experiments were performed on the Meissner's plexus that remained attached to the circular muscle after the longitudinal muscle and mucous membrane were removed from intestinal segment. Conduction velocities of nerve impulses were 0.3-0.7 m/s, chronaxie of the nerve bundle was 0.06-0.12 ms. While the distance between the stimulating and recording electrodes was increased, the latency of evoked potentials was prolonged, the number increased, and the amplitude decreased; no potentials could be recorded when the distance was more than 4 mm. Evoked potentials recorded at relatively long conduction distance were reduced in amplitude or abolished after a repeated stimulation with high frequencies above 50/s, after hexamethonium application, and in a state of lack of oxygen. It was concluded that, in Meissner's plexus, nerve impulses spread through multiple pathways and make synaptic transmission at a relatively short conduction distance.

scholarly journals Stereotactic system for accurately targeting deep brain structures in awake head-fixed mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 975-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonatan Katz ◽  
Michael Sokoletsky ◽  
Ilan Lampl
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structures ◽  
Nucleus Basalis ◽  
Intracellular Recordings ◽  
Head Fixation ◽  
Stereotactic System ◽  
Stereotactic Implantation ◽  
Mammillothalamic Tract ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Recording Electrodes ◽  
Deep Brain

Deep brain nuclei, such as the amygdala, nucleus basalis, and locus coeruleus, play a crucial role in cognition and behavior. Nonetheless, acutely recording electrical activity from these structures in head-fixed awake rodents has been very challenging due to the fact that head-fixed preparations are not designed for stereotactic accuracy. We overcome this issue by designing the DeepTarget, a system for stereotactic head fixation and recording, which allows for accurately directing recording electrodes or other probes into any desired location in the brain. We then validated it by performing intracellular recordings from optogenetically tagged amygdalar neurons followed by histological reconstruction, which revealed that it is accurate and precise to within ~100 μm. Moreover, in another group of mice we were able to target both the mammillothalamic tract and subthalamic nucleus. This approach can be adapted to any type of extracellular electrode, fiber optic, or other probe in cases where high accuracy is needed in awake, head-fixed rodents. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Accurate targeting of recording electrodes in awake head-restrained rodents is currently beyond our reach. We developed a device for stereotactic implantation of a custom head bar and a recording system that together allow the accurate and precise targeting of any brain structure, including deep and small nuclei. We demonstrated this by performing histology and intracellular recordings in the amygdala of awake mice. The system enables the targeting of any probe to any location in the awake brain.

CNS RECORDING ELECTRODES AND TECHNIQUES

2004 ◽  
pp. 761-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl R. Kipke ◽  
David S. Pellinen ◽  
Patrick J. Rousche
Keyword(s):  
Recording Electrodes

Infrared-Induced Thermoelectric Potentials in Extracellular Recording Electrodes

1973 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
P. M. McIlvaine ◽  
G. Lengyel ◽  
V. H. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Recording ◽  
Recording Electrodes
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