Sea Spray Aerosol Fluxes in the Near Water Boundary Layer—Review of Recent Achievements

2015 ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Piotr Markuszewski
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Sea Spray Aerosol

scholarly journals Sea State and Boundary Layer Stability Limit Sea Spray Aerosol Lifetime over the Southern Ocean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Landwehr ◽  
Michele Volpi ◽  
Marzieh H Derkani ◽  
Filippo Nelli ◽  
Alberto Alberello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Boundary Layer Stability ◽  
Sea State ◽  
Sea Spray Aerosol

scholarly journals Ice nucleating particles in the marine boundary layer in the Canadian Arctic during summer 2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1027-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria E. Irish ◽  
Sarah J. Hanna ◽  
Megan D. Willis ◽  
Swarup China ◽  
Jennie L. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Dispersion Modelling ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Sea Spray Aerosol

Abstract. Ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the Arctic can influence climate and precipitation in the region; yet our understanding of the concentrations and sources of INPs in this region remain uncertain. In the following, we (1) measured concentrations of INPs in the immersion mode in the Canadian Arctic marine boundary layer during summer 2014 on board the CCGS Amundsen, (2) determined ratios of surface areas of mineral dust aerosol to sea spray aerosol, and (3) investigated the source region of the INPs using particle dispersion modelling. Average concentrations of INPs at −15, −20, and −25 ∘C were 0.005, 0.044, and 0.154 L−1, respectively. These concentrations fall within the range of INP concentrations measured in other marine environments. For the samples investigated the ratio of mineral dust surface area to sea spray surface area ranged from 0.03 to 0.09. Based on these ratios and the ice active surface site densities of mineral dust and sea spray aerosol determined in previous laboratory studies, our results suggest that mineral dust is a more important contributor to the INP population than sea spray aerosol for the samples analysed. Based on particle dispersion modelling, the highest concentrations of INPs were often associated with lower-latitude source regions such as the Hudson Bay area, eastern Greenland, or north-western continental Canada. On the other hand, the lowest concentrations were often associated with regions further north of the sampling sites and over Baffin Bay. A weak correlation was observed between INP concentrations and the time the air mass spent over bare land, and a weak negative correlation was observed between INP concentrations and the time the air mass spent over ice and open water. These combined results suggest that mineral dust from local sources is an important contributor to the INP population in the Canadian Arctic marine boundary layer during summer 2014.

scholarly journals Sea spray aerosol as a unique source of ice nucleating particles

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (21) ◽  
pp. 5797-5803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. DeMott ◽  
Thomas C. J. Hill ◽  
Christina S. McCluskey ◽  
Kimberly A. Prather ◽  
Douglas B. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Surface Boundary ◽  
Surface Boundary Layer ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Sea Spray Aerosol

Ice nucleating particles (INPs) are vital for ice initiation in, and precipitation from, mixed-phase clouds. A source of INPs from oceans within sea spray aerosol (SSA) emissions has been suggested in previous studies but remained unconfirmed. Here, we show that INPs are emitted using real wave breaking in a laboratory flume to produce SSA. The number concentrations of INPs from laboratory-generated SSA, when normalized to typical total aerosol number concentrations in the marine boundary layer, agree well with measurements from diverse regions over the oceans. Data in the present study are also in accord with previously published INP measurements made over remote ocean regions. INP number concentrations active within liquid water droplets increase exponentially in number with a decrease in temperature below 0 °C, averaging an order of magnitude increase per 5 °C interval. The plausibility of a strong increase in SSA INP emissions in association with phytoplankton blooms is also shown in laboratory simulations. Nevertheless, INP number concentrations, or active site densities approximated using “dry” geometric SSA surface areas, are a few orders of magnitude lower than corresponding concentrations or site densities in the surface boundary layer over continental regions. These findings have important implications for cloud radiative forcing and precipitation within low-level and midlevel marine clouds unaffected by continental INP sources, such as may occur over the Southern Ocean.

scholarly journals A numerical framework for simulating episodic emissions of high-temperature marine INPs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Steinke ◽  
Paul J. DeMott ◽  
Grant Deane ◽  
Thomas C. J. Hill ◽  
Mathew Maltrud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer ◽  
Sea Spray Aerosol ◽  
Field Campaigns

Abstract. We present a framework for estimating concentrations of episodically elevated high-temperature marine ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the sea surface microlayer and their subsequent emission into the atmospheric boundary layer. These episodic INPs have been observed in multiple ship-based and coastal field campaigns, but the processes controlling their ocean concentrations and transfer to the atmosphere are not yet fully understood. We use a combination of empirical constraints and simulation outputs from an Earth System Model to explore different hypotheses for explaining the variability of INP concentrations, and the occurrence of episodic INPs, in the marine atmosphere. In our calculations, we examine two proposed oceanic sources of high-temperature INPs: heterotrophic bacteria and marine biopolymer aggregates (MBPAs). Furthermore, we assume that the emission of these INPs is determined by the production of supermicron sea spray aerosol formed from jet drops, with an entrainment probability that is described by Poisson statistics. The concentration of jet drops is derived from the number concentration of supermicron sea spray aerosol calculated from model runs. We then derive the resulting number concentrations of marine high-temperature INPs (≥ 253 K) in the atmospheric boundary layer and compare their variability to atmospheric observations of INP variability. Specifically, we compare against concentrations of episodically occurring high-temperature INPs observed during field campaigns in the Southern Ocean, the Equatorial Pacific, and the North Atlantic. We find that heterotrophic bacteria and MBPAs acting as INPs provide only a partial explanation for the observed high INP concentrations. We note, however, that there are still substantial knowledge gaps, particularly concerning the identity of the oceanic INPs contributing most frequently to episodic high-temperature INPs, their specific ice nucleation activity, and the enrichment of their concentrations during the sea-air transfer process. Therefore, targeted measurements investigating the composition of these marine INPs as well as drivers for their emission are needed, ideally in combination with modeling studies focused on the potential cloud impacts of these high-temperature INPs.

scholarly journals Ice nucleating particles in the marine boundary layer in the Canadian Arctic during summer 2014

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria E. Irish ◽  
Sarah J. Hanna ◽  
Megan D. Willis ◽  
Swarup China ◽  
Jennie L. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Dispersion Modelling ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Sea Spray Aerosol

Abstract. Ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the Arctic can influence climate and precipitation in the region; yet our understanding of the concentrations and sources of INPs in this region remain uncertain. In the following we (1) measured concentrations of INPs in the Canadian Arctic marine boundary layer during summer 2014 on board the CCGS Amundsen, (2) determined ratios of surface areas of mineral dust aerosol to sea spray aerosol, and (3) investigated the source region of the INPs using particle dispersion modelling. Average concentrations of INPs at −15, −20 and −25 °C were 0.005, 0.044, and 0.154 L−1, respectively. These concentrations fall within the range of INP concentrations measured in other marine environments. For the samples investigated the ratio of mineral dust surface area to sea spray surface area ranged from 0.03 to 0.09. Based on these ratios and the ice active surface site densities of mineral dust and sea spray aerosol determined in previous laboratory studies, our results suggest that mineral dust is a more important contributor to the INP population than sea spray aerosol for the samples analysed. Based on particle dispersion modelling, the highest concentrations of INPs were often associated with lower latitude source regions such as the Hudson Bay area, eastern Greenland, or northwestern continental Canada. On the other hand, the lowest concentrations were often associated with regions further north of the sampling sites and over Baffin Bay. A weak correlation was observed between INP concentrations and the time the air mass spent over bare land, and a weak negative correlation was observed between INP concentrations and the time the air mass spent over ice and open water. These combined results suggest that mineral dust from local sources is an important contributor to the INP population in the Canadian Arctic marine boundary layer during summer 2014.

Sea Spray Aerosol Chamber Study on Selective Transfer and Enrichment of Free and Combined Amino Acids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Triesch ◽  
Manuela van Pinxteren ◽  
Matthew Salter ◽  
Christian Stolle ◽  
Ryan Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Selective Transfer ◽  
Chamber Study ◽  
Sea Spray Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Chamber

scholarly journals Linking variations in sea spray aerosol particle hygroscopicity to composition during two microcosm experiments

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara D. Forestieri ◽  
Gavin C. Cornwell ◽  
Taylor M. Helgestad ◽  
Kathryn A. Moore ◽  
Christopher Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Hygroscopic Growth ◽  
Phytoplankton Blooms ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Sea Spray Aerosol ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Abstract. The extent to which water uptake influences the light scattering ability of marine sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles depends critically on SSA chemical composition. The organic fraction of SSA can increase during phytoplankton blooms, decreasing the salt content and therefore the hygroscopicity of the particles. In this study, subsaturated hygroscopic growth factors at 85 % relative humidity (GF(85 %)) of SSA particles were quantified during two induced phytoplankton blooms in marine aerosol reference tanks (MARTs). One MART was illuminated with fluorescent lights and the other was illuminated with sunlight, referred to as the "indoor" and "outdoor" MARTs, respectively. GF(85 %) values for SSA particles were derived from measurements of light scattering and particle size distributions, concurrently with online single particle and bulk aerosol composition measurements. During both microcosm experiments, the observed bulk average GF(85 %) values were depressed substantially relative to pure, inorganic sea salt, by 10 to 19 %, with a one (indoor MART) and six (outdoor MART) day lag between GF(85 %) depression and the peak chlorophyll-a concentrations. The fraction of organiccontaining SSA particles generally increased after the peak of the phytoplankton blooms. The GF(85 %) values were inversely correlated with the fraction of particles containing organic or other biological markers. This indicates these particles were less hygroscopic than the particles identified as predominately sea salt containing and demonstrates a clear relationship between SSA particle composition and the sensitivity of light scattering to variations in relative humidity. The implications of these observations to the direct climate effects of SSA particles are discussed.

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