Aerobic Exercise Training: Effects on Vascular Function and Structure

2015 ◽  
pp. 105-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick H. J. Thijssen ◽  
Andrew Maiorana ◽  
Daniel J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Training Effects

scholarly journals Effects of resveratrol or estradiol on postexercise endothelial function in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-747
Author(s):  
Cemal Ozemek ◽  
Kerry L. Hildreth ◽  
Patrick J. Blatchford ◽  
K. Joseph Hurt ◽  
Rachael Bok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Estradiol Treatment

Regular exercise enhances endothelial function in older men, but not consistently in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. Estradiol treatment improves basal endothelial function and restores improvements in endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation, FMD) to aerobic exercise training in postmenopausal women; however, estradiol treatment is controversial. Resveratrol, an estrogen receptor ligand, enhances exercise training effects on cardiovascular function and nitric oxide (NO) release in animal models, but impairs exercise training effects in men. We conducted a randomized cross-over, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study to determine whether acute (single dose) resveratrol (250-mg tablet) or estradiol (0.05 mg/day transdermal patch) treatment enhances FMD at rest and after a single bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in healthy estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women ( n = 15, 58.1 ± 3.2 yr). FMD was measured before and after (30, 60, and 120 min) a 40-min bout of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise (60–75% peak heart rate) under the respective conditions (separated by 1-2 wk). FMD was higher ( P < 0.05) before exercise and at all post-exercise time points in the resveratrol and estradiol conditions compared to placebo. FMD was increased from baseline by 120 min postexercise in the estradiol condition ( P < 0.001), but not resveratrol or PL conditions. Consistent with our previous findings, estradiol also enhances endothelial function in response to acute endurance exercise. Although resveratrol improved basal FMD, there was no apparent enhancement of FMD to acute exercise and, therefore, may not act as an estradiol mimetic. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The benefits of endurance exercise training on endothelial function are diminished in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, but estradiol treatment appears to restore improvements in endothelial function in this group. We show that basal endothelial function is enhanced with both acute estradiol and resveratrol treatments in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, but endothelial function is only enhanced following acute endurance exercise with estradiol treatment.

scholarly journals Exercise training regulates SOD-1 and oxidative stress in porcine aortic endothelium

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (4) ◽  
pp. H1378-H1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. E. Rush ◽  
James R. Turk ◽  
M. Harold Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Aortic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

Vascular oxidative stress contributes to endothelial dysfunction. Aerobic exercise training improves vascular function. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that exercise training would improve the balance of antioxidant to prooxidant enzymes and reduce markers of oxidative stress in aortic endothelial cells (AEC). Female Yucatan miniature pigs either remained sedentary (SED) or were exercise trained (EX) for 16–19 wk. EX pigs had increased AEC SOD-1 protein levels and Cu/Zn SOD activity of the whole aorta compared with SED pigs. Protein levels of other antioxidant enzymes (SOD-2, catalase) were not affected by exercise training. Protein levels of p67phox, a subunit of the prooxidant enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase, were reduced in EX vs. SED AEC. These EX adaptations were associated with lower AEC malondialdehyde levels and decreased phosphorylation of ERK-1/2. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein, protein nitrotyrosine content, and heme oxygenase-1 protein were not different in EX vs. SED pigs. We conclude that chronic aerobic exercise training influenced both antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes and decreased indexes of oxidative stress in AEC. These adaptations may contribute to improved endothelial function with exercise training.

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise training and vascular function with ageing in healthy men and women

2019 ◽  
Vol 597 (19) ◽  
pp. 4901-4914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Seals ◽  
Erzsebet E. Nagy ◽  
Kerrie L. Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Healthy Men

scholarly journals Aerobic Exercise Training Effects on NrF2 and the Antioxidant Defense System

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Lauren S. Vervaecke ◽  
Allan H. Goldfarb ◽  
Laurie Wideman ◽  
Joseph Starnes ◽  
Keith Erikson
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Training Effects

Association between aerobic exercise training effects of serum adropin level, arterial stiffness, and adiposity in obese elderly adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shumpei Fujie ◽  
Natsuki Hasegawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Kurihara ◽  
Kiyoshi Sanada ◽  
Takafumi Hamaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Abdominal Visceral Fat ◽  
The Relationship

Serum levels of adropin, which enhances endothelial cell release of nitric oxide (NO), are lower in obese patients. Although habitual aerobic exercise reduces arterial stiffness and adiposity, the relationship between these effects and circulating levels of adropin remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine if serum adropin level is associated with the effects of aerobic exercise training on arterial stiffness and adiposity in obese adults. In Experiment 1, we examined whether serum adropin levels are associated with cardiorespiratory fitness, carotid β-stiffness, plasma nitrite/nitrate (NOx) level, and abdominal visceral fat in 27 normal, 20 overweight, and 25 obese adults (age, 41–79 years). In Experiment 2, we examined the effects of an 8-week aerobic exercise training program on the relationship between serum adropin level and arterial stiffness or adiposity in 13 obese adults (age, 54–76 years). Serum adropin levels in normal, overweight, and obese adults negatively correlated with carotid β-stiffness and abdominal visceral fat, and positively correlated with plasma NOx level and cardiorespiratory fitness. After the 8-week exercise program, serum adropin levels in obese adults were elevated, and correlated with training-induced changes in carotid β-stiffness (r = –0.573, P < 0.05), plasma NOx level (r = 0.671, P < 0.05), and abdominal visceral fat (r = –0.585, P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the exercise training-induced increase in serum adropin may be related to the training effects of arterial stiffness and adiposity in obese adults.

Age-Related Attenuation of Aerobic Exercise Training Adaptation in 24-Week Old Rats

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1916-P
Author(s):  
REBECCA L. SCALZO ◽  
GRAHAME F. EVANS ◽  
SARA E. HULL ◽  
LESLIE KNAUB ◽  
LORI A. WALKER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Training Adaptation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Rats

scholarly journals A 16-week aerobic exercise and mindfulness-based intervention on chronic psychosocial stress: a pilot and feasibility study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy A. Prochilo ◽  
Ricardo J.S. Costa ◽  
Craig Hassed ◽  
Richard Chambers ◽  
Pascal Molenberghs
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Definitive Trial ◽  
Chronic Psychosocial Stress

Abstract Objectives Researchers have begun delivering mindfulness and aerobic exercise training concurrently on the premise that a combination intervention will yield salutary outcomes over and above each intervention alone. An estimate of the effect of combination training on chronic psychosocial stress in a nonclinical population has not been established. The objective of this study was to establish protocol feasibility in preparation of a definitive RCT targeting healthy individuals, and to explore the preliminary effect of combination training on reducing chronic psychosocial stress in this population. Methods Twenty-four participants were allocated to a single-arm pre-post study and subjected to 16 weeks of concurrent mindfulness psychoeducation and aerobic exercise training. Feasibility criteria were collected and evaluated. Within-group changes in chronic psychosocial stress, mindfulness, emotion regulation, and cardiorespiratory fitness were also assessed. Primary analyses were based on 17 participants. Results Retention rate, response rate, recruitment rate, and sample size analyses indicate a definitive trial is feasible for detecting most effects with precision. There was also a decline in our primary dependent measure of chronic psychosocial stress (dpretest = −0.56, 95% CI [ −1.14,−0.06]). With regard to secondary measures, there was an increase in the use of cognitive reappraisal, and a reduction in use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. We are insufficiently confident to comment on changes in mindfulness and aerobic capacity $\left (\dot {V}O_{2max}\right)$ V ̇ O 2 max . However, there were subgroup improvements in aerobic economy at submaximal exercise intensities. Conclusions We recommend a definitive trial is feasible and should proceed. Trial registration ANZCTR (ID: ACTRN12619001726145). Retrospectively registered December 9, 2019.

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