The highly regio-selective O-methylation of catechol with dimethyl carbonate (DMC), catalyzed by solid acid-base catalyst, is an environmentally friendly chemical process for industrial production of guaiacol. However, guaiacol yield below...
Calculation of the aggregated "consensus" industrial production index has made it possible to date cyclical turning points and to measure the depth and length of the main industrial recessions in Russian Empire/USSR/Russia for the last century and a half. The most important causes of all these recessions are described. The cyclical volatility of Soviet/Russian industry is compared to that of American one.
<p>Sodium aluminate is presented as a highly active heterogeneous
catalyst able to convert a range of alcohols into the corresponding mixed
carbonate esters, in high yield and under green conditions. The reaction is
carried out using dimethyl carbonate both as a reactant and solvent, at 90°C.
Allylic, aliphatic and aromatic alcohols are converted in good yields. The solid
catalyst is shown to be truly heterogeneous, resistant to leaching, and
recyclable. </p>