A Review of Beijing’s Urban Development in the Twentieth Century

2016 ◽  
pp. 11-52
Author(s):  
Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Development

scholarly journals THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT. DO WE HAVE A COMMON GOAL? / KRAŠTOVAIZDŽIO ARCHITEKTŪROS IR URBANISTIKOS SĄVEIKA – AR TURIME BENDRĄ TIKSLĄ

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaiva Deveikienė
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Relationship

The article analyses the problem of the relationship and interaction between urban design and landscape architecture. This refers to the period of the modern city from the late nineteenth century to the present day. There are presented and discussed urbanization processes and examples of solutions with emphasis on problems arising from the relationship between a city and nature as well as those related to urban landscape and sustainability of urban landscaping in the twentieth century. Straipsnyje analizuojama urbanistikos ir kraštovaizdžio architektūros santykio ir sąveikos problema. Aprėpiamas moderniojo miesto laikotarpis – nuo XIX a. antrosios pusės iki nūdienos. Pateikiama XX a. urbanizacijos procesų ir sprendinių pavyzdžių, aptariama akcentuojant miesto santykio su gamta, želdynais, t. y. gyvo, tvaraus miesto kraštovaizdžio, formavimo problematiką.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Stanley ◽  
Jonathan Bell
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Political History ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Liberal Politics ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
The Right

This introductory chapter considers the challenges, setbacks, and accomplishments of American liberal reformers in the twentieth century. Covering themes such as gender, class, labor, race, urban development, and underlying ideology, ten experts in their given fields have identified ways in which liberal politics has helped shape the nation's political landscape over the last half century. American political history cannot be labeled uniformly as conservative or liberal. Rather, there are conservative moments and liberal moments. Throughout them, reform is possible if given the right leadership and political context. Particular attention is given to the importance of grassroots coalition efforts to the functioning of “high politics” and policy making.

scholarly journals The Zoning Map and American City Form

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven T. Moga
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Visual Communication ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
American City ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Municipal Policy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The City

This paper investigates a common mode of visual communication in planning practice, the use of maps to regulate urban development. Holding equal legal status with the text, the zoning map was invented in the early twentieth century as a tool for implementing municipal policy and, although debated, modified, and sometimes repurposed over the past nine decades, it remains standard. Mundane and largely taken for granted, the zoning map itself has aroused little scholarly interest. However, as an image of the city and as a graphic intermediary used in administrative processes, it reveals how planning thought is embedded in planning tools.

“Actual Center of Detroit”: Method, Management, and Decentralization in Albert Kahn's General Motors Building

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Abrahamson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Architectural Practice ◽  
The City

In the period 1919–22, two events catalyzed General Motors’ nascent dominance in the automotive industry: the company built a monumental headquarters in Detroit, designed by Albert Kahn Associates and located on what was then the periphery of the city; and a restructuring of the corporation was enacted at the behest of several newly appointed executives, including Alfred P. Sloan. In “Actual Center of Detroit”: Method, Management, and Decentralization in Albert Kahn's General Motors Building, Michael Abrahamson explores the conjunction between these events, arguing that both manifest a struggle with immense size. To cope with the bigness of buildings, corporations, and urban environments, GM and the Kahn firm developed strategies that set the agenda for architectural practice, corporate management, and urban development for the twentieth-century United States. Together, these strategies reveal the entwined forces that influenced the design of the General Motors Building.

Major events and urban development: exploring the spatial impact of China's expositions in the early twentieth century

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-804
Author(s):  
Zhe Liu ◽  
Pieter M.K.J. Uyttenhove ◽  
Luce Beeckmans ◽  
Xin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

Octavia Hill and The Homes of the London Poor

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Wohl
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
The Other ◽  
Green Belt ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Modern Knowledge ◽  
The Church ◽  
Octavia Hill

It has been Octavia Hill's fate to survive, rather like some great “classic,” well-known by name, but neglected and unread – of the major Victorian social reformers perhaps the most misunderstood and inadequately handled. Geoffrey Best in his study of the Church of England Ecclesiastical Commissioners has drawn attention to her profound respect for the principle of self-help and comments, “She was on one of history's losing sides, and, as is the way with losers who are in no way romantic, she has rather dropped below the horizon of modern knowledge.” Octavia Hill has, unfortunately, been the victim of partisan history. Abruptly dismissed, on one hand, as an absurd anachronism, a devout believer in individualistic solutions in an age of creeping state and municipal socialism, she has been too uncritically praised, on the other, by those who were related to her or closely associated with her work. Her life (1838-1912) encompassed many vital reforms. She was co-founder of the National Trust and a great Victorian conservationist, whose devotion to the preservation of commons and parks, and concept of a “green belt” enabled London and other large towns to pass into the twentieth century, civilized and relaxing places in which to live. Her successful efforts to save Parliament Hill and Hampstead Heath from the encroachments of late Victorian speculative builders deserve the closest examination, from all those interested in urban development and the preservation, in and around our cities, of the natural environment.

Romanization

2019 ◽  
pp. 203-221
Author(s):  
D. W. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Military History ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
A Value ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Value Judgement ◽  
Different Parts

Defining Romanization is problematical, not least because there was no uniform concept throughout the empire of what it meant to be ‘Roman’. Assessments from the early twentieth century, when the term was introduced, automatically included a value judgement that Romanization of native communities was a good thing, and something that they would have aspired to. This was based largely on the colonialist viewpoint of classical scholars of the late Victorian and Edwardian eras that presupposed that the imposition of ‘civilized’ standards on subject peoples was morally justified and practically beneficial. Changing attitudes have not only rendered this viewpoint unacceptable, but have also made debate itself unacceptable in some quarters. In reality interaction between native communities and the occupying regime was different in different parts of Britain, and the impact of occupation, in terms of urban development, for example, was extremely variable. For much of the twentieth century Romano-British archaeology was built upon the historically based legacy of Haverfield and Collingwood, in which military history formed the basic framework for research, but new approaches were triggered in the 1990s by advances in technology and development-funded archaeology. Recent research has argued that south-eastern Britain at least already included client kingdoms of Rome, though the case remains controversial.

VENETIANS REVIVALS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: EXAMPLES OF NEO-MEDIEVALIST ARCHITECTURE IN THE RIO DEL GAFFARO AREA

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Silvia Mazzetto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Thin Line ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

This paper presents some examples of architectural revivals created by a promising Venetian architect at the beginning of the twentieth century, in a marginal area of the city of Venice known as Rio del Gaffaro that was subjected to an intense phenomenon of redevelopment and urban development, following the construction of new road and rail links to the mainland. The original hypotheses for the evolution of the lagunar city, proposed by their author, use an innovative compositional syntax that becomes the thin line of division between traditionally antagonistic references such as classicism and modernism, or orientalism and localism, in some of the best examples of neo-medievalist revival in early 20th century Venice. In particular, the use of historical reference in the composition of the new architectural forms establishes an intense, but quiet and pacific dialogue between the ancient and the modern. In this comparison, all interruptions between past and present are removed, not only in the composition of the residential architectural cell but also in the formation of the new urban fabric into which it is inserted. This way of reinventing history was to open the way for many subsequent readings and interpretations by other Venetian architects. 

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