Study on the Target Frame of HMDs in Different Background Brightness

2016 ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Jiang Shao ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Rui Zhao ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Zhangfan Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Frame ◽  
Background Brightness

scholarly journals A Semantic Web-based Representation of Human-logical Inference for Solving Bongard Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1343-1363
Author(s):  
Jisha Maniamma ◽  
Hiroaki Wagatsuma
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
Description Logic ◽  
Logical Reasoning ◽  
Hierarchical Level ◽  
Logical Inference ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Target Frame

Bongard Problems (BPs) are a set of 100 visual puzzles introduced by M. M. Bongard in the mid-1960s. BPs have been established as benchmark puzzles for understanding the human context-based learning abilities to solve ill- posed problems. The puzzle requires the logical explanation as the answer to distinct two classes of figures from redundant options, which can be obtained by a thinking process to alternatively change the target frame (hierarchical level of analogy) of thinking from a wide range concept networks as D. R. Hofstadter suggested. Some minor research results to solve a limited set of BPs have reported based a single architecture accompanied with probabilistic approaches; however the central problem on BP's difficulties is the requirement of flexible changes of the target frame, therefore non-hierarchical cluster analyses does not provide the essential solution and hierarchical probabilistic models needs to include unnecessary levels for learning from the beginning to prevent a prompt decision making. We hypothesized that logical reasoning process with limited numbers of meta-data descriptions realizes the sophisticated and prompt decision-making and the performance is validated by using BPs. In this study, a semantic web-based hierarchical model to solve BPs was proposed as the minimum and transparent system to mimic human-logical inference process in solving of BPs by using the Description Logic (DL) with assertions on concepts (TBox) and individuals (ABox). Our results demonstrated that the proposed model not only provided individual solutions as a BP solver, but also proved the correctness of Hofstadter's idea as the flexible frame with concept networks for BPs in our actual implementation, which no one has ever achieved. This fact will open the new horizon for theories for designing of logical reasoning systems especially for critical judgments and serious decision-making as expert humans do in a transparent and descriptive way of why they judged in that manner.

Prophylactic effect of the aqueous extract of Pimpinella anisum on the behavior of Wistar rats exposed to mercury

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 10878
Author(s):  
Wafaa ARABI ◽  
Khaled KAHLOULA ◽  
Djallal E. H. ADLI ◽  
Mostapha BRAHMI ◽  
Narimane TAIBI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Prophylactic Effect ◽  
Pimpinella Anisum ◽  
Corrective Effect ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Target Frame ◽  
Improved Learning

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prophylactic effect of Pimpinella anisum (green anis) on neurobehavioral status following mercury chloride intoxication during the developmental period. For this purpose, rats exposed to 100 mg/L of HgCl2 during the gestation and lactation period. A group of rats was treated with the anis extract for 15 days before becoming intoxicated with mercury. In contrast, one group was orally administered aqueous anis extract for 15 days after intoxication. The forced swimming test, the open field test and the Morris pool respectively recorded an increase in immobility time, a decrease in the number of cross-cells (p <0.001), (p <0.05) and an increase in latency (p <0.01), (p <0.001), (p <0.001) and decreased time spent in the target frame during the probe test (p <0.01) and increased latency in the visible test (p <0.01) in HgCl2 - exposed rats compared to control rats. However, preventive and curative aniseed-based treatment reduced the rate of depression, increased locomotor activity and improved learning performance. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of Pimpinella anisum could have a corrective effect on some neurological disorders caused by mercury.

Some New Effects: Phenomenal Glare, Luminous ‘Mist’ and Dark ‘Smoke’

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 58-58
Author(s):  
D Zavagno
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Spreading Effect ◽  
Black Background ◽  
Black Smoke ◽  
Grey Scale ◽  
Intense Light ◽  
To Come ◽  
Normal Light ◽  
The Right ◽  
Background Brightness

The impression of glare is caused by a very intense light source. However, here I show that this impression can also be generated with normal light intensities. The strength of the effect depends on the number of elements used to produce it. The elements are 2 cm × 5 cm rectangles. A single horizontal achromatic rectangle is first used on a homogeneous white or black background. From left to right, the brightness of the rectangle varies smoothly from black to white. The left part of the rectangle appears to progressively bend toward the background when the background is black, while the rectangle appears straight and to fade into an apparent white mist near its right side when the background is white. When the background is black, two horizontal rectangles, mirror-shaded from black to white, so that their black ends face each other with a 2 cm gap between them, appear either to bend toward the background or to be straight and to fade into a sort of dark ‘smoke’. When the background is white with the left rectangle varying in brightness from black to white and the right one from white to black, the rectangles look straight with a sort of white glare appearing to come out from the gap. The black ‘smoke’ and the white glare look more compelling when there are four rectangles forming a cross with a central square gap. It can be argued that this and the neon spreading effect are unrelated. Instead, psychophysical experiments suggest that the glare and smoke effects depend on a relation between the grey scale gradient and the background brightness.

scholarly journals Effect of Background Brightness on Preferred Retinal Loci in Patients With Macular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Tomoko Ro-Mase ◽  
Satoshi Ishiko ◽  
Akitoshi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Macular Disease ◽  
Background Brightness

scholarly journals Detection and characterization of drizzle cells within marine stratocumulus using AMSR-E 89 GHz passive microwave measurements

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 4571-4597
Author(s):  
M. A. Miller ◽  
S. E. Yuter
Keyword(s):  
Brightness Temperature ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Passive Microwave ◽  
Liquid Water Path ◽  
Marine Stratocumulus ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Background Brightness

Abstract. This empirical study demonstrates the feasibility of using 89 GHz Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer – Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) passive microwave brightness temperature data to detect heavily drizzling cells within marine stratocumulus. A binary heavy drizzle product is described that can be used to determine areal and feature statistics of drizzle cells within the major marine stratocumulus regions. Current satellite liquid water path (LWP) and cloud radar products capable of detecting drizzle are either lacking in resolution (AMSR-E LWP), diurnal coverage (MODIS LWP), or spatial coverage (CloudSat). The AMSR-E 89 GHz data set at 6 × 4 km spatial resolution is sufficient for resolving individual heavily drizzling cells. Radiant emission at 89 GHz by liquid-water cloud and precipitation particles from drizzling cells in marine stratocumulus regions yields local maxima in brightness temperature against an otherwise cloud-free background brightness temperature. The background brightness temperature is primarily constrained by column-integrated water vapor and sea surface temperature. Clouds containing ice are screened out. Once heavily drizzling pixels are identified, connected pixels are grouped into discrete drizzle cell features. The identified drizzle cells are used in turn to determine several spatial statistics for each satellite scene, including drizzle cell number and size distribution. The identification of heavily drizzling cells within marine stratocumulus regions with satellite data facilitates analysis of seasonal and regional drizzle cell occurrence and the interrelation between drizzle and changes in cloud fraction.

Color Preference as a Function of Background and Illumination

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Hopson ◽  
Rosemary Cogan ◽  
Carole Batson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Color Preference ◽  
Illumination Intensity ◽  
Background Illumination ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Normal Color Vision ◽  
Preference Orders ◽  
Background Brightness

90 students with normal color vision reported color preferences for 10 3-in. X 5-in. Munsell papers with a Munsell value/chroma of 5/6 on white, gray, or black backgrounds with a 5-in. X 7-in. visual field exposed for 2-sec. intervals. Colors of short wave lengths tended to be preferred. Preferences for colors were less extreme when colors were viewed on a black background. Illumination intensity did not reliably affect color preferences. The importance of evaluating the extent of preference differences between colors adjacent in preference orders was discussed. Background brightness and illumination did not clearly resolve differences in preference orders found in earlier studies, and the possible influence of other stimulus variables was discussed.

scholarly journals Occlusion-aware temporal frame interpolation in a highly scalable video coding setting

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Rüfenacht ◽  
Reji Mathew ◽  
David Taubman
Keyword(s):  
Video Coding ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Scalable Video Coding ◽  
Scalable Video ◽  
Frame Interpolation ◽  
Smooth Motion ◽  
Temporal Frame ◽  
Target Frame ◽  
Motion Discontinuities

We recently proposed a bidirectional hierarchical anchoring (BIHA) of motion fields for highly scalable video coding. The BIHA scheme employs piecewise-smooth motion fields, and uses breakpoints to signal motion discontinuities. In this paper, we show how the fundamental building block of the BIHA scheme can be used to perform bidirectional, occlusion-aware temporal frame interpolation (BOA-TFI). From a “parent” motion field between two reference frames, we use information about motion discontinuities to compose motion fields from both reference frames to the target frame; these then get inverted so that they can be used to predict the target frame. During the motion inversion process, we compute a reliable occlusion mask, which is used to guide the bidirectional motion-compensated prediction of the target frame. The scheme can be used in any state-of-the-art codec, but is most beneficial if used in conjunction with a highly scalable video coder which employs piecewise-smooth motion fields with motion discontinuities. We evaluate the proposed BOA-TFI scheme on a large variety of natural and challenging computer-generated sequences, and our results compare favorably to state-of-the-art TFI methods.

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