Physical Investment, Health Investment and Income Growth in Africa

This chapter discusses the channels of impact of an extractives activity on an economy by describing the different routes through which the direct economic and social impacts of these activities might be enhanced. These routes include those that often have the highest political profile, namely spending of government revenues. It also discusses other channels that arguably are far more important, such as the direct effects of corporate spend in local supply chains; the immediate ‘multiplier’ effects of this; the further multipliers that follow from significant income growth; the new downstream activities that may be built on the primary extractive activity; and the externalities that may accrue from the direct boost that a large extractive investment is likely to provide.

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Do Tourism Activities and Urbanization Drive Material Consumption in the OECD Countries? A Quantile Regression Approach

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147742 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7742

Author(s):

Taiwo Temitope Lasisi ◽

Kayode Kolawole Eluwole ◽

Uju Violet Alola ◽

Luigi Aldieri ◽

Concetto Paolo Vinci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Consumption ◽

Oecd Countries ◽

Real Income ◽

Income Growth ◽

Material Consumption ◽

Domestic Consumption ◽

Sustainable Consumption And Production ◽

Global Goal ◽

Development Goals ◽

Two Parameters

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) elaborately encompass a global goal for sustainable consumption and production (Goal 12: SDGs), thus providing potential drivers and/or pathways to attaining sustainable consumption. In view of this global goal, this study examined the role of real income per capita, urbanization and especially inbound tourism in domestic material consumption for the panel of OECD countries. The study is conducted for the period of 1995 to 2016 by employing the panel quantile approach. Interestingly, an inverted U-shaped relationship between outbound tourism and domestic material consumption is established across the quantiles, thus indicating that sustainable domestic consumption is achievable after a threshold of domestic material consumption is attained. In addition, achieving sustainable consumption through economic or income growth is a herculean task for the OECD countries because the current reality indicates that income growth triggers higher consumption of domestic materials. However, the results suggest that urbanization is a recipe for sustainable domestic consumption since there is a negative and significant relationship between the two parameters across the quantiles. Nevertheless, the study presents relevant policy for efficient material and resources utilization and that is suitable to drive the SDGs for 2030 and other country-specific sustainable ambitions.

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The Impact of Aging on Economic Growth Based on Health Investment and Technological Innovation: An Empirical Study from China

2020 Management Science Informatization and Economic Innovation Development Conference (MSIEID) ◽

10.1109/msieid52046.2020.00088 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yihao Tian ◽

Dan Li

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Technological Innovation ◽

Health Investment ◽

The Impact

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Dating the Great Divergence

Journal of Global History ◽

10.1017/s1740022820000406 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 266-285

Author(s):

Jack A. Goldstone

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Income Growth ◽

Strong Growth ◽

Income Per Capita ◽

Great Divergence ◽

Per Capita

AbstractNew data on Dutch and British GDP/capita show that at no time prior to 1750, perhaps not before 1800, did the leading countries of northwestern Europe enjoy sustained strong growth in GDP/capita. Such growth in income per head as did occur was highly episodic, concentrated in a few decades and then followed by long periods of stagnation of income per head. Moreover, at no time before 1800 did the leading economies of northwestern Europe reach levels of income per capita much different from peak levels achieved hundreds of years earlier in the most developed regions of Italy and China. When the Industrial Revolution began in Britain, it was not preceded by patterns of pre-modern income growth that were in any way remarkable, neither by sustained prior growth in real incomes nor exceptional levels of income per head. The Great Divergence, seen as the onset of sustained increases in income per head despite strong population growth, and achievement of incomes beyond pre-modern peaks, was a late occurrence, arising only from 1800.

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Exploring the impact of temperature change on residential electricity consumption in China: the ‘crowding-out’ effect of income growth

Energy and Buildings ◽

10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111040 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 111040

Author(s):

Mingyang Zhang ◽

Yuling Chen ◽

Wuyang Hu ◽

Nanxin Deng ◽

Wenjian He

Keyword(s):

Temperature Change ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Income Growth ◽

Crowding Out ◽

Residential Electricity ◽

Residential Electricity Consumption ◽

The Impact

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The Effectiveness of the Ecological Forest Rangers Policy in Southwest China

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12060746 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 746

Author(s):

Yifan Wang ◽

Dengju Wang ◽

Rong Zhao

Keyword(s):

Poverty Alleviation ◽

Southwest China ◽

Rural Poverty ◽

Ecological Effect ◽

Income Growth ◽

Future Research ◽

Linkage Mechanism ◽

Short Term ◽

Forest Protection

To achieve the dual goal of poverty alleviation and ecological restoration, the policy of ecological forest rangers (EFRs) was implemented in rural poverty-stricken areas in China, where local residents commonly depend on nearby forest resources for livelihoods. This study aimed to analyze the short-term and long-term effectiveness of the EFRs policy in China mainly in poverty alleviation and income growth, with a brief discussion on the ecological effect of the policy. A questionnaire survey was conducted in four counties in the Karst rocky desertification region in southwest China. By combing through the early literature on REDD+, community forestry, leasehold forestry, etc., this paper summarizes the experience and lessons of similar community forest management models, aiming to explain the unsustainability of EFRs policy from the perspective of forest tenure and governance. The findings of the effectiveness analysis of EFRs policy in the four poverty-stricken counties reflect different degrees of effect in rural households with different income levels. We believe that the EFRs policy has played important roles in short-term regional poverty alleviation while its potential for long-term income growth has not been stimulated. For the amendment of EFRs policy, we put forward the following points: (1) It is necessary to redesign the selection and recruitment mechanism, as well as the exit mechanism of EFRs adapting to the local conditions. (2) It is advisable to further improve the local assessment and monitoring system of forest protection quality of EFRs and optimize the establishment of benefit linkage mechanism between protection effectiveness and EFRs remuneration. (3) The EFRs remuneration standards should be dynamically raised to assure the active participation of EFRs in forest protection. Furthermore, there is a need for one more effective integration model of forest protection and rural livelihoods improvement, which is considered as a potential future research direction.

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