Mechanochemistry of Ring-Opening Reactions: From Cyclopropane in the Gas Phase to Thiotic Acid on Gold in the Liquid Phase

2016 ◽  
pp. 117-130
Author(s):  
Martin Zoloff Michoff ◽  
Miriam Wollenhaupt ◽  
Dominik Marx
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Reactions

scholarly journals The ring opening and oligomerisation reactions of an epoxide and an episulfide on aluminosilicates in the liquid phase

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Fási ◽  
István Pálinkó ◽  
Ágnes Gömöry ◽  
Imre Kiricsi
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Propylene Oxide ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Solid Acids ◽  
Cyclic Dimer ◽  
Ring Opening Reactions ◽  
Transformation Mechanisms

AbstractThe ring opening reactions of propylene oxide (methyloxirane) or ethylene sulfide )thiirane) were studied in the liquid phase over HZSM-5, HY-FAU or AlMCM-41 at 363 K or 423 K and under 1 or 20 bar pressure in a batch reactor. The proportion of these routes were identified: (i) single C−O scission providing non-cyclic products, (ii) double C−O cleavage leading to the loss of the heteroatom, (iii) oligomerisation resulting in cyclic dimers and the trimer of thiirane and a non-cyclic dimer of methyloxirane. The reaction pathway depended on the conditions and the solid acids used. Findings are compared to those in the gas phase over the same solid acids. Transformation mechanisms are also suggested.

Tracking of the molecular geometrical changes in the primary event of photoinduced ring-opening reactions of a spiropyran model in gas phase

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jianhui Luo ◽  
Guocui Zhou ◽  
Haixia Zheng ◽  
Kaiyun Zhan ◽  
Bing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Primary Event ◽  
Ring Opening Reactions

Application of Disk Aerators to Recarbonation of Alkaline Wastewater from Wet Gasification of Carbide

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gomólka ◽  
B. Gomólka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Content ◽  
Patent Claim ◽  
Phase Dispersion

Whenever possible, neutralization of alkaline wastewater should involve low-cost acid. It is conventional to make use of carbonic acid produced via the reaction of carbon dioxide (contained in flue gases) with water according to the following equation: Carbon dioxide content in the flue gas stream varies from 10% to 15%. The flue gas stream may either be passed to the wastewater contained in the recarbonizers, or. enter the scrubbers (which are continually sprayed with wastewater) from the bottom in oountercurrent. The reactors, in which recarbonation occurs, have the ability to expand the contact surface between gaseous and liquid phase. This can be achieved by gas phase dispersion in the liquid phase (bubbling), by liquid phase dispersion in the gas phase (spraying), or by bubbling and spraying, and mixing. These concurrent operations are carried out during motion of the disk aerator (which is a patent claim). The authors describe the functioning of the disk aerator, the composition of the wastewater produced during wet gasification of carbide, the chemistry of recarbonation and decarbonation, and the concept of applying the disk aerator so as to make the wastewater fit for reuse (after suitable neutralization) as feeding water in acetylene generators.

Modeling of aerated upflow fixed bed reactors for nitrification

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Number Of Cells

A mathematical model for nitrification in an aerated fixed bed reactor has been developed. This model is based on material balances in the bulk liquid, gas phase and in the biofilm area. The fixed bed is divided into a number of cells according to the reduced remixing behaviour. A fixed bed cell consists of 4 compartments: the support, the gas phase, the bulk liquid phase and the stagnant volume containing the biofilm. In the stagnant volume the biological transmutation of the ammonia is located. The transport phenomena are modelled with mass transfer formulations so that the balances could be formulated as an initial value problem. The results of the simulation and experiments are compared.

Theoretical analysis of counter-current absorption of a poorly soluble gas based on the PDE-AD model

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1222-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Moravec ◽  
Vladimír Staněk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Packed Bed Column ◽  
Interfacial Transport ◽  
Gaseous Component ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Counter Current

Expression have been derived in the paper for all four possible transfer functions between the inlet and the outlet gas and liquid steams under the counter-current absorption of a poorly soluble gas in a packed bed column. The transfer functions have been derived for the axially dispersed model with stagnant zone in the liquid phase and the axially dispersed model for the gas phase with interfacial transport of a gaseous component (PDE - AD). calculations with practical values of parameters suggest that only two of these transfer functions are applicable for experimental data evaluation.

Reesterification of ethyl acetate by propanol catalysed by glycidyl methacrylate copolymers containing sulphonic acid groups

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1941-1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Setínek
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Nonlinear Regression ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Methacrylate Copolymers ◽  
Styrene Divinylbenzene

A series of differently crosslinked macroporous 2,3-epoxypropyl methacrylate-ethylenedimethacrylate copolymers with chemically bonded propylsulphonic acid groups were used as catalysts for the kinetic study of reesterification of ethyl acetate by n-propanol in the liquid phase at 52 °C and in the gas phase at 90 °C. Analysis of kinetic data by the method of nonlinear regression for a series of equations of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood type showed that kinetic equations which describe best the course of the reaction are the same as for the earlier studied sulphonated macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers. Compared types of catalysts differ, however, in the dependence of their activity on the degree of crosslinking of the copolymer used.

ChemInform Abstract: Ring-Opening Reactions of Difluoro(methylene)cyclopropanes with Halogens and Amines.

ChemInform ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Chun Hang ◽  
Qing-Yun Chen ◽  
Ji-Chang Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Reactions

Substituent Effects in Mechanochemical Allowed and Forbidden Cyclobutene Ring-Opening Reactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron L. Brown ◽  
Brandon H. Bowser ◽  
Jan Meisner ◽  
Tatiana B. Kouznetsova ◽  
Stefan Seritan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Ring Opening Reactions

ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of μ-Opioid Selective Ligands Derived from 1-Aminotetralin Scaffolds Made via Metal-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Reactions.

ChemInform ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (29) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Dockendorff ◽  
Shujuan Jin ◽  
Madeline Olsen ◽  
Mark Lautens ◽  
Martin Coupal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Reactions ◽  
Selective Ligands ◽  
Metal Catalyzed
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