Training and Testing for Elite Skiers

2017 ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Roberto Manzoni ◽  
Andrea Viano
Keyword(s):  
Elite Skiers

scholarly journals Hip pain and its correlation with cam morphology in young skiers—a minimum of 5 years follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefin Abrahamson ◽  
Pall Jónasson ◽  
Mikael Sansone ◽  
Anna Swärd Aminoff ◽  
Carl Todd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Hip Pain ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Α Angle ◽  
Cam Morphology ◽  
Elite Skiers

Abstract Background There is conflicting evidence regarding the association between cam morphological changes and hip pain, and it remains unclear who with cam morphology will develop hip pain and who will not. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between cam morphology, hip pain, and activity level at a 5-year follow-up in young Alpine and Mogul skiers. Method All students (n = 76) at Åre Ski National Sports High School were invited and accepted participation in this prospective study at baseline. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of both hips was conducted to evaluate the presence of cam morphology (α-angle ≥ 55°) and its size alongside the reporting of hip pain, type, and frequency of training by the Back and hip questionnaire, at baseline. After 5 years, the skiers were invited to complete a shortened version of the same questionnaire. Results A total of 60 skiers (80%) completed the follow-up questionnaire, of which 53 had concomitant MRI data. Cam morphology was present in 25 skiers (47.2%, 39 hips). Hip pain at baseline and at follow-up was reported in 17 (28.3%) and 22 (36.7%) skiers, respectively. No correlations were found between the activity level, the frequency, and the size of cam morphology and hip pain, except for the right hip α-angle at 1 o’clock and hip pain in skiers with cam morphology at baseline (rs = 0.49; P = 0.03) and at follow-up (rs = 0.47; P = 0.04). A total of 73.3% skiers had retired, of which 48% reported this was due to injuries. Conclusion Hip pain was not shown to be correlated, or had a low correlation, with activity level and the presence and size of cam morphology in young skiers on a 5-year follow-up. Based on these results, cam morphology or activity level did not affect hip pain to develop during 5 years of follow-up in young skiers. Furthermore, this study highlights that almost 75% of young elite skiers had retired from their elite career with almost 50% reporting that this was due to injuries sustained from skiing.

scholarly journals Bioimpedance data monitoring in physical preparation: A real interest for performance of elite skiers for Winter Olympic Games 2010

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 2881-2887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Rebeyrol ◽  
Marie-Valérie Moreno ◽  
Eva Ribbe ◽  
Laurent Buttafoghi ◽  
Olivier Pédron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Data Monitoring ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
Elite Skiers ◽  
Physical Preparation

Iron status in elite skiers

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hemmingsson ◽  
M. Bauer ◽  
G. Birgegård
Keyword(s):  
Iron Status ◽  
Elite Skiers

Mechanical Energetics of World Class Cross-Country Skiing

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Norman ◽  
Paavo V. Komi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Body Segment ◽  
Energy Transfers ◽  
World Class ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Low Energy Transfers ◽  
Elite Skiers

The purpose of this study was to determine whether world class skiers were alike in their mechanical power outputs (normalized for body mass and velocity and called mechanical cost, MTC) and body segment energy transfers when skiing in competition on level and uphill terrain using the diagonal technique. Eleven competitors were analyzed from film taken during a 15-km World Championship race on a level (1.6°) and uphill (9.0°) section of the course. Metabolic rates were estimated from assumptions concerning the efficiencies of positive and negative work and calculations, from the film, of the mechanical power produced by the skiers. The results showed that skiing on the slope was 2.2 times more demanding mechanically than skiing on a level track (MTC of 4.0 vs. 1.8 J • kg−1• m−1, respectively). Skiers who had high MTC had low energy transfers (r = −0.9). Even in this presumably homogeneous group of elite skiers there were large individual differences in MTC and other mechanical variables, suggesting technique problems for some. Furthermore, on flat terrain the estimated metabolic rate was only about 76% of an MV02of 80 ml • kg−1• min−1. This suggests that speed, using the diagonal stride, may be limited by constraints on body segment utilization and not by the physiological energy delivery system of these highly trained athletes.

Stress Sources Encountered When Rehabilitating from Season-Ending Ski Injuries

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gould ◽  
Dana Bridges ◽  
Eileen Udry ◽  
Laurie Beck
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Athletic Injuries ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Psychological Stressors ◽  
Ski Injuries ◽  
Elite Skiers

This study was designed to identify specific stress sources in elite skiers who suffered season-ending injuries and compare stress source factor differences between unsuccessful and successful postinjury performers. Retrospective qualitative interviews were conducted with 21 U.S. alpine and freestyle ski team members who suffered season-ending injuries. Results were content analyzed and revealed that the 182 stress source raw data themes coalesced into eight higher order dimensions including: psychological, social, physical, medical/rehab, financial, career, missed nonski opportunities, and other. The successful versus unsuccessful skier comparisons revealed that a greater percentage of unsuccessful skiers reported a lack of attention/empathy and negative relationship social dimension concerns, as well as poor performance and inactivity physical dimension concerns. Successful skiers reported more isolation concerns. Findings are discussed relative to how athletic injuries result in not only physical stressors, but a broad range of social and psychological stressors.

Cognitions and Coping Strategies of Elite Skiers: An Exploratory Study of Young Developing Athletes

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Rotella ◽  
Bruce Gansneder ◽  
David Ojala ◽  
John Billing
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Elite Skiers

scholarly journals Goal Orientations and Beliefs about the Causes of Sport Success among Elite Skiers

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan L. Duda ◽  
Sally A. White
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Ego Orientation ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Elite Skiers

The purposes of this study were to determine the relationship between goal orientations and beliefs about the causes of success among elite athletes and to examine the psychometric characteristics of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) in high-level competitive sport. Male and female intercollegiate skiers (N=143) completed the TEOSQ specific to skiing and a questionnaire assessing their perceptions of the determinants of success in skiing. Factor analysis of the TEOSQ revealed two independent subscales that demonstrated acceptable internal consistency. Task orientation was positively linked with the beliefs that skiing success is a result of hard work, superior ability, and selecting activities that one can perform successfully, and ego orientation to the beliefs that taking an illegal advantage, possessing high ability, selecting tasks that one can accomplish, and external variables are reasons for skiing success. Factor analysis of the two goal orientation and four belief scale scores revealed two divergent goal/belief dimensions in competitive skiing.

Effects of Three Types of Thought Content Instructions on Skiing Performance

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent S. Rushall ◽  
Marty Hall ◽  
Laurent Roux ◽  
Jack Sasseville ◽  
Amy C. Rushall
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Track ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Thought Control ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Elite Skiers

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of instructions—to think particular types of thoughts—on the cross-country skiing performances of elite skiers. Eighteen members of the Canadian Cross-Country Ski Team served as subjects. Instructions were given to plan and think particular types of thoughts while skiing, namely task-relevant statements, mood words, and positive self-statements. Performances on a standard test track under thought control conditions were compared to similar efforts under “normal” (control) thinking. Thirteen subjects also recorded heart rates at the completion of each trial. A balanced order design of two replications of each condition was employed in each of the three experiments. Sixteen subjects improved in all conditions whereas two subjects improved in only one condition. Heart rates were marginally higher and statistically significant in each experimental condition compared to the control condition. Performance improvements of more than 3% were registered under each thought content condition, even though all subjects reported that they were not aware of any effort differential. That performance improvements of this magnitude could be achieved in athletes of such a caliber indicates the value of attempts to use the particular forms of thoughts employed in this study for improving cross-country skiing performance.

scholarly journals Determination of HIF1Ars11549465 Polymorphism in Elite Skiers

2019 ◽  
pp. 328-331
Author(s):  
Ömer KAYNAR ◽  
FATİH BİLİCİ ◽  
KORKUT ULUCAN ◽  
CANAN SERCAN
Keyword(s):  
Elite Skiers
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