A Critical Race Perspective on an Empirical Review of Asian American Parental Racial-Ethnic Socialization

The perception of racial tensions in North American settler countries has historically been focused on the Black/White relationship, as has much of the theoretical legal discourse surrounding the concept of “race”. Accordingly, the scope of much critical race scholarship has been restricted such that it rarely acknowledges the racial tensions that persist between different racially-excluded minorities. This paper hopes to expand and integrate the examination of Black and Asian-American racialization that critical race scholars have previously revealed. It will do this by historicizing the respective contours of Black and Asian-American racialization processes through legislation and landmark court cases in a neo-colonial context. The defining features of racialization which have culminated in the ultimate divergence of each group’s racialization will be compared and contrasted. This divergence sees the differential labeling of Asian-Americans as the ‘model minority’ while Blacks continue to be subjugated by modern modalities of exclusionary systems of control. The consequences of this divergence in relation to preserving existing racial and social hierarchies will be discussed in the final sections of this paper.

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The State of Asian American Businesses

10.36650/nexus9.1-2_70-77_tranetal ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (1-2) ◽

pp. 70-77

Author(s):

Diem Tran ◽

OiYan Poon

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Minorities ◽

Asian American ◽

The State ◽

Business Success ◽

American Business ◽

Policy Recommendations ◽

Business Ownership ◽

Careful Scrutiny ◽

Potential Factors ◽

Racial Ethnic

Business success is a dominant theme in the Asian American narrative. However, Asian American entrepreneurship is more complex and multilayered than commonly believed and requires careful scrutiny. This brief examines the state of Asian American business ownership between 2005 and 2007. Findings suggest that although Asian Americans form businesses at higher rates than other racial/ethnic minorities, Asian American business ownership and outcomes continue to trail those of non-Hispanic whites. Potential factors contributing to racial/ethnic gaps and policy recommendations are discussed.

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Between-Year and Within-Year School Mobility: Different Effects by Race/Ethnicity

Education and Urban Society ◽

10.1177/00131245211004563 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 001312452110045

Author(s):

Jie Min

Keyword(s):

Academic Achievement ◽

Asian American ◽

School Mobility ◽

Student Groups ◽

Asian American Students ◽

Math Scores ◽

American Students ◽

Reading And Math ◽

Multiple Membership ◽

Racial Ethnic

The current study investigated the effects of school mobility on the academic achievement of different racial/ethnic groups in four cohorts of students from a very large urban school district. In this study, I compared within-year and between-year mobility and, most importantly, account for all the schools students attended over the study period. Using a multiple membership model (MMM), the findings confirmed that, for all student groups, academic achievement was affected more by within-year school mobility than between-year school mobility. Black students had the highest mobility rates, both for between- and within-year mobility. Although Asian-American students achieved higher reading and math scores on average, they were more negatively impacted by within-year school mobility compared to other groups. The current study was able to pinpoint the students most at risk for negative outcomes following within-year mobility. The findings are discussed in the context of policy recommendations that can be adopted by school districts.

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COVID-19-related state-wise racial and ethnic disparities across the USA: an observational study based on publicly available data from The COVID Tracking Project

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e048006

Author(s):

Zhaoying Xian ◽

Anshul Saxena ◽

Zulqarnain Javed ◽

John E Jordan ◽

Safa Alkarawi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Asian American ◽

Alaska Native ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Relative Difference ◽

Ethnic Composition ◽

Regional Patterns ◽

Population Proportion ◽

Asian Populations ◽

The Usa ◽

Racial Ethnic

ObjectiveTo evaluate COVID-19 infection and mortality disparities in ethnic and racial subgroups in a state-wise manner across the USA.MethodsPublicly available data from The COVID Tracking Project at The Atlantic were accessed between 9 September 2020 and 14 September 2020. For each state and the District of Columbia, % infection, % death, and % population proportion for subgroups of race (African American/black (AA/black), Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN), and white) and ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino, non-Hispanic) were recorded. Crude and normalised disparity estimates were generated for COVID-19 infection (CDI and NDI) and mortality (CDM and NDM), computed as absolute and relative difference between % infection or % mortality and % population proportion per state. Choropleth map display was created as thematic representation proportionate to CDI, NDI, CDM and NDM.ResultsThe Hispanic population had a median of 158% higher COVID-19 infection relative to their % population proportion (median 158%, IQR 100%–200%). This was followed by AA, with 50% higher COVID-19 infection relative to their % population proportion (median 50%, IQR 25%–100%). The AA population had the most disproportionate mortality, with a median of 46% higher mortality than the % population proportion (median 46%, IQR 18%–66%). Disproportionate impact of COVID-19 was also seen in AI/AN and Asian populations, with 100% excess infections than the % population proportion seen in nine states for AI/AN and seven states for Asian populations. There was no disproportionate impact in the white population in any state.ConclusionsThere are racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 infection/mortality, with distinct state-wise patterns across the USA based on racial/ethnic composition. There were missing and inconsistently reported racial/ethnic data in many states. This underscores the need for standardised reporting, attention to specific regional patterns, adequate resource allocation and addressing the underlying social determinants of health adversely affecting chronically marginalised groups.

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Antidiscrimination Meets Integration Policies: Exploring New Diversity-Related Challenges in Europe

Social Sciences ◽

10.3390/socsci10060221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 221

Author(s):

Tina Magazzini

Keyword(s):

Critical Race Studies ◽

Racial Justice ◽

Critical Race ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Race Studies ◽

Managing Diversity ◽

The Past ◽

Migrant Integration ◽

Multi Level ◽

Racial Ethnic

Contemporary European societies are increasingly diverse. Migration both within and to Europe has contributed over the past decades to the rise of new religious, racial, ethnic, social, cultural and economic inequality. Such transformations have raised questions about the (multi-level) governance of diversity in Europe, thus determining new challenges for both scholars and policy-makers. Whilst the debate around diversity stemming from migration has become a major topic in urban studies, political science and sociology in Europe, Critical Race Studies and Intersectionality have become central in US approaches to understanding inequality and social injustice. Among the fields where ‘managing diversity’ has become particularly pressing, methodological issues on how to best approach minorities that suffer from multiple discrimination represent some of the hottest subjects of concern. Stemming from the interest in putting into dialogue the existing American scholarship on CRT and anti-discrimination with the European focus on migrant integration, this paper explores the issue of integration in relation to intersectionality by merging the two frames. In doing so, it provides some observations about the complementarity of a racial justice approach for facing the new diversity-related challenges in European polity. In particular, it illustrates how Critical Race Studies can contribute to the analysis of inequality in Europe while drawing on the integration literature.

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