Context-Dependent Adjustments in Executive Control of Goal-Directed Behaviour: Contribution of Frontal Brain Areas to Conflict-Induced Behavioural Adjustments in Primates

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshad A. Mansouri ◽  
Mark J. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Frontal Brain ◽  
Context Dependent

The involvement of parietal and frontal brain areas in the inference of self-agency

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeltje E. M. van Haren ◽  
Robert A. Renes ◽  
Henk Aarts ◽  
Matthijs Vink
Keyword(s):  
Brain Areas ◽  
Frontal Brain

scholarly journals Lower [18F]fallypride binding to dopamine D2/3 receptors in frontal brain areas in adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a positron emission tomography study

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther D. A. van Duin ◽  
Jenny Ceccarini ◽  
Jan Booij ◽  
Zuzana Kasanova ◽  
Claudia Vingerhoets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Frontal Brain

AbstractBackgroundThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is caused by a deletion on chromosome 22 locus q11.2. This copy number variant results in haplo-insufficiency of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, and is associated with a significant increase in the risk for developing cognitive impairments and psychosis. The COMT gene encodes an enzyme that primarily modulates clearance of dopamine (DA) from the synaptic cleft, especially in the prefrontal cortical areas. Consequently, extracellular DA levels may be increased in prefrontal brain areas in 22q11DS, which may underlie the well-documented susceptibility for cognitive impairments and psychosis in affected individuals. This study aims to examine DA D2/3 receptor binding in frontal brain regions in adults with 22q11DS, as a proxy of frontal DA levels.MethodsThe study was performed in 14 non-psychotic, relatively high functioning adults with 22q11DS and 16 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs), who underwent DA D2/3 receptor [18F]fallypride PET imaging. Frontal binding potential (BPND) was used as the main outcome measure.ResultsBPND was significantly lower in adults with 22q11DS compared with HCs in the prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate gyrus. After Bonferroni correction significance remained for the anterior cingulate gyrus. There were no between-group differences in BPND in the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex.ConclusionsThis study is the first to demonstrate lower frontal D2/3 receptor binding in adults with 22q11DS. It suggests that a 22q11.2 deletion affects frontal dopaminergic neurotransmission.

scholarly journals Cognitive and affective Theory of Mind double dissociation after parietal and temporal lobe tumors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Campanella ◽  
Thomas West ◽  
Corrado Corradi-Dell'Acqua ◽  
Miran Skrap
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Double Dissociation ◽  
Frontal Brain ◽  
Anatomical Point ◽  
Emotion Attribution ◽  
Temporal Lesion

Extensive neuroimaging literature suggests that understanding others' thoughts and emotions engages a wide network encompassing parietal, temporal and medial frontal brain areas. However, the causal role played by these regions in social inferential abilities is still unclear. Moreover very little is known about ToM deficits in brain tumours and whether potential anatomical substrates are comparable to those identified in fMRI literature. This study evaluated the performance of 105 tumour patients, before and immediately after brain surgery, on a cartoon-based non-verbal task evaluating Cognitive (Intention Attribution) and Affective (Emotion Attribution) ToM, as well as a non-social control condition (Causal Inference). Across multiple analyses, we found converging evidence of a double dissociation between patients with right superior parietal damage, selectively impaired in Intention Attribution, and those with right antero-medial temporal lesion, exhibiting deficits only in Emotion attribution. Instead, patients with damage to the frontal cortex were impaired in all kinds of inferential processes, including those from the non-social control conditions. Overall, our data provides novel reliable causal evidence of segregation between different aspects of the ToM network from both the cognitive and also the anatomical point of view.

scholarly journals Frontal brain areas are more involved during motor imagery than during motor execution/preparation of a response sequence

2021 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Rob H.J. Van der Lubbe ◽  
Jagna Sobierajewicz ◽  
Marijtje L.A. Jongsma ◽  
Willem B. Verwey ◽  
Anna Przekoracka-Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Response Sequence ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Frontal Brain

scholarly journals Activity in human reward-sensitive brain areas is strongly context dependent

NeuroImage ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1302-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander Nieuwenhuis ◽  
Dirk J. Heslenfeld ◽  
Niels J. Alting von Geusau ◽  
Rogier B. Mars ◽  
Clay B. Holroyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Areas ◽  
Context Dependent

scholarly journals Brain dysfunction in chronic pain patients assessed by resting-state electroencephalography

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Son Ta Dinh ◽  
Moritz M. Nickel ◽  
Laura Tiemann ◽  
Elisabeth S. May ◽  
Henrik Heitmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Frontal Brain ◽  
Disease Markers ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Gamma Frequencies ◽  
Pain Patients

AbstractChronic pain is a common and severely disabling disease whose treatment is often unsatisfactory. Insights into the brain mechanisms of chronic pain promise to advance the understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and might help to develop disease markers and novel treatments. Here, we systematically and comprehensively exploited the potential of electroencephalography (EEG) to determine abnormalities of brain function during the resting state in chronic pain. To this end, we performed state-of-the-art analyses of oscillatory brain activity, brain connectivity and brain networks in 101 patients of either sex suffering from chronic pain. The results show that global and local measures of brain activity did not differ between chronic pain patients and a healthy control group. However, we observed significantly increased connectivity at theta (4 – 8 Hz) and gamma (> 60 Hz) frequencies in frontal brain areas as well as global network reorganization at gamma frequencies in chronic pain patients. Furthermore, a machine learning algorithm could differentiate between patients and healthy controls with an above-chance accuracy of 57%, mostly based on frontal connectivity. These results implicate increased theta and gamma synchrony in frontal brain areas in the pathophysiology of chronic pain. While substantial challenges concerning accuracy, specificity and validity of potential EEG-based disease markers remain to be overcome, our study identifies abnormal frontal synchrony at theta and gamma frequencies as promising targets for non-invasive brain stimulation and/or neurofeedback approaches.

scholarly journals Connectivity reveals relationship of brain areas for reward-guided learning and decision making in human and monkey frontal cortex

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (20) ◽  
pp. E2695-E2704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz-Xaver Neubert ◽  
Rogier B. Mars ◽  
Jérôme Sallet ◽  
Matthew F. S. Rushworth
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Mri ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Macaque Monkeys ◽  
Guided Learning ◽  
Frontal Brain ◽  
Relationship Of

Reward-guided decision-making depends on a network of brain regions. Among these are the orbitofrontal and the anterior cingulate cortex. However, it is difficult to ascertain if these areas constitute anatomical and functional unities, and how these areas correspond between monkeys and humans. To address these questions we looked at connectivity profiles of these areas using resting-state functional MRI in 38 humans and 25 macaque monkeys. We sought brain regions in the macaque that resembled 10 human areas identified with decision making and brain regions in the human that resembled six macaque areas identified with decision making. We also used diffusion-weighted MRI to delineate key human orbital and medial frontal brain regions. We identified 21 different regions, many of which could be linked to particular aspects of reward-guided learning, valuation, and decision making, and in many cases we identified areas in the macaque with similar coupling profiles.

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