Aotearoa/New Zealand and Land-Use Changes

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Lyn Carter
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand

Effect of land use and moisture on phosphorus forms in upland stream beds in South Otago, New Zealand

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Stream Beds ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Bioavailability

Land use can influence stream sediment composition and water quality, whereas moisture status affects sediment phosphorus (P) bioavailability to algae. Declining upland surface-water quality in South Otago, New Zealand, may reflect land-use changes from sheep- to dairy-farming. I sampled sediment (0–20 cm) from streams draining 12 dairy- and 12 sheep-farmed catchments in spring (wet) and autumn (dry). 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and the EDTA-fractionation scheme were used to determine different P forms and infer P bioavailability. Significantly more P was present in the sediment of streams draining dairy- than sheep-farmed catchments. Total P did not differ with the moisture regime; however, changes occurred in the following P fractions: acid-soluble organic P, NaOH-P, CaCO3≈P, Fe(OOH)≈P and residual organic P. Extraction for 31P NMR analysis removed 78–85% of sediment total P and isolated five P classes. More bioavailable P such as orthophosphate (23–40% of P extracted) and diesters (2–6% of P extracted) was present in dry than in wet sediments, and in sediments draining dairy streams than in those from sheep-farmed catchments. This indicates substantial reserves of bioavailable P in sediment from these catchments, especially from dairy-farmed catchments, sustaining in-stream P concentrations for many years even without additional P input from land.

scholarly journals Preparing for Sea-Level Rise through Adaptive Managed Retreat of a New Zealand Stormwater and Wastewater Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Kool ◽  
Judy Lawrence ◽  
Martin Drews ◽  
Robert Bell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Adaptation Option ◽  
Levels Of Service ◽  
Over Time

Sea-level rise increasingly affects low-lying and exposed coastal communities due to climate change. These communities rely upon the delivery of stormwater and wastewater services which are often co-located underground in coastal areas. Due to sea-level rise and associated compounding climate-related hazards, managing these networks will progressively challenge local governments as climate change advances. Thus, responsible agencies must reconcile maintaining Levels of Service as the impacts of climate change worsen over the coming decades and beyond. A critical question is whether such networks can continue to be adapted/protected over time to retain Levels of Service, or whether eventual retreat may be the only viable adaptation option? If so, at what performance threshold? In this paper, we explore these questions for stormwater and wastewater, using a dynamic adaptive pathway planning (DAPP) approach designed to address thresholds and increasing risk over time. Involving key local stakeholders, we here use DAPP to identify thresholds for stormwater and wastewater services and retreat options, and for developing a comprehensive and area-specific retreat strategy comprising pathway portfolios, retreat phases, potential land use changes, and for exploring pathway conflicts and synergies. The result is a prototype for an area near Wellington, New Zealand, where a managed retreat of water infrastructure is being considered at some future juncture. Dynamic adaptive strategies for managed retreats can help to reduce future disruption from coastal flooding, signal land use changes early, inform maintenance, and allow for gradual budget adjustments by the agencies that can manage expenditure over time. We present this stepwise process in a pathway form that can be communicated spatially and visually, thereby making a retreat a more manageable, sequenced, adaptation option for water agencies, and the communities they serve.

scholarly journals Spread of Chilean needle grass (Nassella neesiana) in Marlborough New Zealand

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 266-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
And Control

Chilean needle grass (Nassella neesiana) is a containment pest in the Regional Pest Management Strategy for Marlborough It is of concern because it has sharptipped seeds that bore into the eyes and pelts of livestock Discovered in Marlborough in the 1930s it now infests 4311 ha In 1987 18 properties were infested increasing to 53 by 2000 and 96 by December 2005 In addition both the range and density of Chilean needle grass has increased significantly since 1987 and to date no infestations have been eradicated Failure to stop this spread is due to the difficulty of both identification and control Effective control and land management methods for this weed are urgently needed The probability of this weed spreading further both within and beyond Marlborough appears to be high This conclusion along with land use changes has implications for the review of the Regional Pest Management Plan

scholarly journals Envisioning a Future

IDEA JOURNAL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
Fleur Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Planning Law ◽  
Zoning Regulations ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Legislative Control

In Aotearoa (New Zealand), existing territorial legislation and provisions within planning law currently prevent Maori from fully entering into a negotiation with district councils, in terms of creating a vision for their future, without kowtowing to already established rules that conform to Western models of land use and Western ideas of how district councils think Maori should live. On Maori land, development is mainly restricted to farming activities, as most Maori land is rurally zoned. Maori own little land in urban centres or in commercial and industrial areas, as many were historically alienated from ancestral land, and as a consequence were excluded from towns in relation to land ownership. The structure of existing legislation does not encourage Maori to test their own ways of thinking in terms of how they want to occupy urban or rural areas. Existing territorial legislation also discourages Maori from exercising their imagination in terms of developing alternative models to zoning regulations, and thinking about how they could occupy space that they have been excluded from in a way that supports the economic and social development of their communities. What happens when Maori take control and visualise their own future, unburdened by the constraints of legislative control?

scholarly journals Preparing for sea-level rise through adaptive managed retreat of a New Zealand stormwater and wastewater network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kool ◽  
Judith Lawrence ◽  
M Drews ◽  
R Bell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Adaptation Option ◽  
Levels Of Service ◽  
Over Time

Sea-level rise increasingly affects low-lying and exposed coastal communities due to climate change. These communities rely upon the delivery of stormwater and wastewater services which are often co-located underground in coastal areas. Due to sea-level rise and associated compounding climate-related hazards, managing these networks will progressively challenge local governments as climate change advances. Thus, responsible agencies must reconcile maintaining Levels of Service as the impacts of climate change worsen over the coming decades and beyond. A critical question is whether such networks can continue to be adapted/protected over time to retain Levels of Service, or whether eventual retreat may be the only viable adaptation option? If so, at what performance threshold? In this paper, we explore these questions for stormwater and wastewater, using a dynamic adaptive pathway planning (DAPP) approach designed to address thresholds and increasing risk over time. Involving key local stakeholders, we here use DAPP to identify thresholds for stormwater and wastewater services and retreat options, and for developing a comprehensive and area-specific retreat strategy comprising pathway portfolios, retreat phases, potential land use changes, and for exploring pathway conflicts and synergies. The result is a prototype for an area near Wellington, New Zealand, where a managed retreat of water infrastructure is being considered at some future juncture. Dynamic adaptive strategies for managed retreats can help to reduce future disruption from coastal flooding, signal land use changes early, inform maintenance, and allow for gradual budget adjustments by the agencies that can manage expenditure over time. We present this stepwise process in a pathway form that can be communicated spatially and visually, thereby making a retreat a more manageable, sequenced, adaptation option for water agencies, and the communities they serve.

Land-use changes influence the sporulation and survival ofPhytophthora agathidicida, a lethal pathogen of New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis)

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. e12502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai S. J. Lewis ◽  
Amanda Black ◽  
Leo M. Condron ◽  
Nick W. Waipara ◽  
Peter Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Land Use Changes

DIMENSIONS AND MECHANISMS OF LAND USE CHANGE IN NORTHLAND

1986 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Warren Moran
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Commercial Potential ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Pastoral Farming ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Goat Farming

Land use change has been commonplace in Northland during the 1970s and early 1980s. The region illustrates better than any other both the adjustments to pastoral farming and the diversification of land use that are observable in many parts of New Zealand. Most of the changes in land use are well known. The expansion of exotic forestry is visible and controversial, horticultural diversification has received considerable publicity, and the commercial potential of goat farming has also attracted attention in the region. The emergence of specialised beef farms, often in conjunction with part-time farming, has received less attention. Although the changes in land use are recognised, their extent and the processes by which they have come about are less well understood. This paper establishes the dimensions of the land use changes in Northland and identifies aspects of the decision making of the individuals and corporations involved in the changes. Much of the data on which this discussion is based are derived from a series of theses and research reports completedin the Department of Geography, University of Auckland, (Kearns 1982; Wheeler 1982; Anderson and Moran 1983; Kearns and Moran 1984; Hardy 1985; Revington 1984; Wheeler and Moran 1985; Maunier, Moran and Anderson 1985).

Soil organic carbon stocks and flows in New Zealand: System development, measurement and modelling

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Tate ◽  
R. H. Wilde ◽  
D. J. Giltrap ◽  
W. T. Baisden ◽  
S. Saggar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Steady State ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Stocks And Flows

An IPCC-based Carbon Monitoring System (CMS) was developed to monitor soil organic C stocks and flows to assist New Zealand to achieve its CO2 emissions reduction target under the Kyoto Protocol. Geo-referenced soil C data from 1158 sites (0.3 m depth) were used to assign steady-state soil C stocks to various combinations of soil class, climate, and land use. Overall, CMS soil C stock estimates are consistent with detailed, stratified soil C measurements at specific sites and over larger regions. Soil C changes accompanying land-use changes were quantified using a national set of land-use effects (LUEs). These were derived using a General Linear Model to include the effects of numeric predictors (e.g., slope angle). Major uncertainties a rise from estimates of changes in the areas involved, the assumption that soil C is at steady state for all land-cover types, and lack of soil C data for some LUEs. Total national soil organic C stocks estimated using the LUEs for 0–0.1, 0.1–0.3, and 0.3–1 m depths were 1300 ± 20, 1590 ± 30, and 1750 ± 70 Tg, respectively. Most soil C is stored in grazing lands (1480 ± 60 Tg to 0.3 m depth), which appear to be at or near steady state; their conversion to exotic forests and shrubland contributed most to the predicted national soil C loss of 0.6 ± 0.2 Tg C yr-1 during 1990–2000. Predicted and measured soil C changes for the grazing-forestry conversion agreed closely. Other uncertainties in our current soil CMS include: spatially integrated annual changes in soil C for the major land-use changes, lack of soil C change estimates below 0.3 m, C losses from erosion, the contribution of agricultural management of organic soils, and a possible interaction between land use and our soil-climate classification. Our approach could be adapted for use by other countries with land-use-change issues that differ from those in the IPCC default methodology. Key words: Soil organic carbon, land-use change, stocks, flows, measurement, modelling, IPCC

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