On the Power-Law of the Internet and the Hierarchy of BGP Convergence

2007 ◽  
pp. 470-481
Author(s):  
Peidong Zhu ◽  
Jinjing Zhao ◽  
Yan Wen ◽  
Kaiyu Cai
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
The Internet

scholarly journals A Simulation of the Structure of the World-Wide Web

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Boudourides ◽  
Gerasimos Antypas
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
World Wide ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Small Worlds ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Simple Simulation ◽  
The World

In this paper we are presenting a simple simulation of the Internet World-Wide Web, where one observes the appearance of web pages belonging to different web sites, covering a number of different thematic topics and possessing links to other web pages. The goal of our simulation is to reproduce the form of the observed World-Wide Web and of its growth, using a small number of simple assumptions. In our simulation, existing web pages may generate new ones as follows: First, each web page is equipped with a topic concerning its contents. Second, links between web pages are established according to common topics. Next, new web pages may be randomly generated and subsequently they might be equipped with a topic and be assigned to web sites. By repeated iterations of these rules, our simulation appears to exhibit the observed structure of the World-Wide Web and, in particular, a power law type of growth. In order to visualise the network of web pages, we have followed N. Gilbert's (1997) methodology of scientometric simulation, assuming that web pages can be represented by points in the plane. Furthermore, the simulated graph is found to possess the property of small worlds, as it is the case with a large number of other complex networks.

Small Fluctuations Research of Internet AS-Level Topology Based on PFP Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 2635-2638
Author(s):  
Bo Yang ◽  
Hai Zhao ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Si Yuan Jia ◽  
Yi Wen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Function ◽  
Dynamic Modeling ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Data Fitting ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Small Fluctuation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Modeling Algorithm

In order to highlight small fluctuation characteristics of the mutation evolution, this paper by adding periodic function, and use the actual data fitting Internet with Ark to obtain the new attachment to improve PFP model priority set point formula. Simulation results show that the model not only keeps power law, but also better reflects small fluctuation characteristics of the Internet AS-level topology. The dynamic modeling algorithm can reconfigure the evolution of the Internet.

scholarly journals A critical look at power law modelling of the Internet

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Clegg ◽  
Carla Di Cairano-Gilfedder ◽  
Shi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
The Internet

MODELING THE TOPOLOGY OF SDH NETWORKS

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1809-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SANTIAGO ◽  
J. P. CÁRDENAS ◽  
M. L. MOURONTE ◽  
V. FELIU ◽  
R. M. BENITO
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Small World ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Topological Properties ◽  
Small World Networks ◽  
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy ◽  
Worldwide Web ◽  
Real Complex

SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) is the standard technology for the information transmission in broadband optical networks. Unlike the Internet, SDH networks are strictly planned; rings, meshes, stars, or tree-branches topologies are designed to connect their basic elements. In spite of that, we have found that the SDH network operated by Telefónica in Spain shares remarkable topological properties with other real complex networks empirically analyzed, such as the worldwide web network. In particular, we have found power-law scaling in the degree distribution (P(k) ~ k-γ) and properties of small world networks. Considering real planning directives that take into account geographical and technological variables, we propose an ad hoc computational model that reproduces the aforementioned topological traits observed in the Spanish SDH network.

scholarly journals COMPLEX TEMPORAL STRUCTURE OF ACTIVITY IN ON-LINE ELECTRONIC AUCTIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 1250053 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANTIŠEK SLANINA
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Fractal Structure ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Auction ◽  
On Line

We analyze empirical data from the internet auction site Aukro.cz. The time series of activity shows truncated fractal structure on scales from about 1 min to about 1 day. The distribution of waiting times as well as the distribution of number of auctions within fixed interval is a power law, with exponents 1.5 and 3, respectively. Possible implications for the modeling of stock-market fluctuations are briefly discussed.

Interplay of ICP and IXP over the Internet with power-law features

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850001
Author(s):  
Zhongyan Fan ◽  
Wallace Kit-Sang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Homogeneous Model ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Real Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Artificial Network

The Internet is the largest artificial network consisting of billions of IP devices, managed by tens of thousands of autonomous systems (ASes). Due to its importance, the Internet has received much attention and its topological features, mainly in AS-level, have been widely explored from the complex network perspective. However, most of the previous studies assume a homogeneous model in which nodes are indistinguishable in nature. It may be good for a general study of topological structure, but unfortunately it fails to reflect the functionality. The Internet ecology is in fact heterogeneous and highly complex. It consists of various elements such as Internet Exchange Points (IXPs), Internet Content Providers (ICPs), and normal Autonomous System (ASes), realizing different roles in the Internet. In this paper, we propose level-structured network models for investigating how ICP performs under the AS-topology with power-law features and how IXP enhances its performance from a complex network perspective. Based on real data, our results reveal that the power-law nature of the Internet facilitates content delivery not only in efficiency but also in path redundancy. Moreover, the proposed multi-level framework is able to clearly illustrate the significant benefits gained by ICP from IXP peerings.

scholarly journals Evaluation on the influence of internet prefix hijacking events

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjing Zhao ◽  
Yan Wen
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Network Services ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Address Space ◽  
Dos Attacks ◽  
Hierarchical Nature ◽  
Inter Domain Routing

The inter-domain routing system based on the BGP protocol is a kernel establishment in the Internet. There have been many incidents of IP prefix hijacking by BGP protocol in the Internet. Attacks may hijack victim's address space to disrupt network services or perpetrate malicious activities such as spamming and DoS attacks without disclosing identity. The relation between prefix hijacking and the Internet hierarchy is presented in this paper. The Internet is classified into three tiers based on the power-law and commercial relations of autonomous systems. The relation between network topology and prefix hijacking influence is presented for all sorts of hijacking events in different layers. The results assert that the hierarchical nature of network influences the prefix hijacking greatly.

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