Practical Consistency of Ethernet-Based QoS with Performance Prediction of Heterogeneous Microwave Radio Relay Transport Network

Microwave line-of-sight radio relay (RR) systems are a constitutive part of a telecom operator transport network, as an alternative to optical transmission systems when the latter are not technically possible or rational to implement. Nowadays, RR links are quite often used in the access network for connecting mobile radio base stations, thus also enabling traffic aggregation, and so on. In this paper, we focus on a practical, real-life, five-section heterogeneous RR network, comprising classic synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) and SDH new generation network (NGN) architecture, hybrid parallel and mutually independent transmission of native Ethernet and TDM services, and all-IP network parts. Specifically, the main task of this work is to answer whether such a diverse RR system could satisfy the quality norms for Ethernet-based services, meaning whether a tolerable RR unavailability will necessarily imply the according Ethernet quality of service (QoS) degradation. This question is addressed by the comprehensive in-service and out-of-service testing of an operational hybrid RR transmission system. After extensive practical testing and appropriate analysis of the achieved results, it came out that the impact of RR-level impairments that determine the performance prediction affected the Ethernet QoS to the extent that BER values increased to the acceptability threshold values. We believe that the preliminary results reported here could serve as a hint and a framework for a more comprehensive cross-layer test strategy in terms of both test diversity and repeating rate, which contemporary network operators need to implement in order to enable the appropriate quality of experience for users of their services.

SONET/SDH, OTN, and RPR

With the emergence of high-speed optical transmission, the pre-existing plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) appeared unsuitable for achieving network synchronization, leading to the development of the synchronous optical network (SONET) and synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) as the two equivalent standards for circuit-switched optical networks. Several bandwidth-efficient techniques were also developed to carry packet-switched data traffic over SONET/SDH networks, offering some useful data-over-SONET/SDH architectures. Subsequently, with the increasing transmission rates for SONET/SDH and Ethernet-based LANs, a convergent networking platform called optical transport network (OTN), was developed. With the ever-increasing volume of bursty data traffic, a standard for packet-switched ring networks, called resilient packet ring (RPR), was also developed for better bandwidth realization in optical fibers. In this chapter, we first present the SONET/SDH networks and the techniques for supporting the data traffic therein, followed by a description of the basic concepts and salient features of the OTN and RPR networks. (147 words)

EVALUASI KINERJA OPERASIONAL JARINGAN KOMUNIKASI SERAT OPTIK LAMPUNG-DUMAI SUMATERA INLAND BACKBONE LINK

Lampung-Dumai backbone link consisted of 11 sublinks is the optical fiber communication networks(OFCN) system using the technology of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) multiplexing with the transmissionspeed of 2,5 Gbps or STM-16 with the bit-error-rate of 10 -11 . Since 2007 the performance network, such as theoperasional bit-error-rate, transmission data capacity, the availability and reliability, has not yet been evaluated.This paper reports the results of the network performance evaluated by recalculating and remeasuring the powerlink budget to know the total losses of system affecting the operational bit-error-rate, and the rise-time budget toknow the transmission data capacity. And also, the the availability and reliability of system was investigated. Theevaluation result shows that there are 4 of 11 sublinks where its measured attenuation values are bigger than thedesigned value, hence increasing the operasional bit-error-rate in those links. However overall, the availabilityand the reliability can still be achieved 99, 5% and 99,99%, respectively, as the ITU-T standards and G.652recommendation.

ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY SDH

Ввиду быстрого прогресса в современных технологиях и огромной потребности в увеличении пропускной способности для использования современных средств требуется более сложная топология сети для обеспечения лучшего качества обслуживания (QoS). Эти требования, в свою очередь, предполагают высокую точность проектирования и совершенство метода синхронизации. Целью данного исследования является решение способа преодоления вышеуказанной проблемы путем реализации сети синхронной цифровой иерархии (SDH) для обеспечения и измерения QoS. Для каждого поставщика услуг это непростая задача удовлетворить спрос клиента. Сеть SDH развивалась, поскольку сеть PDH не поддерживает такие функции, как мультиплексирование более высокого порядка, обеспечивая лучшее качество обслуживания (QoS), топологии сети, отличные от линейных, и сложность с добавлением мультиплексирования с отбрасыванием и т.д. SDH может поддерживать QoS лучше, чем PDH. Конфигурация SDH выполняется для реализации, а проблемы проектирования анализируются для будущего решения. Измерение QoS выполняется для измерения производительности сети. Due to rapid advances in modern technology and the huge need for increased bandwidth, the use of modern facilities requires a more complex network topology to provide better quality of service (QoS). These requirements, in turn, imply high accuracy of design and perfection of synchronization methods. The aim of this study is to solve a way to overcome the above problem by implementing a synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) network to provide and measure QoS. For each service provider, it is not an easy task to meet customer demand. The SDH network has evolved because the PDH network does not support features such as higher order multiplexing, providing better quality of service (QoS), network topologies other than linear, and complexity with the addition of drop multiplexing, etc. SDH can support QoS better than PDH. The configuration is performed for the SDH implementation as problems of design analyses for future decisions. The QoS measurement is performed to measure network performance.

Perencanaan Jaringan Komunikasi Backbone antara Bangka dan Belitung Menggunakan Radio Microwave SDH

Pembangunan jaringan telekomunikasi antara Pulau Bangka – Pulau Belitung menggunakan radio microwave dengan teknologi SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) yang dapat memenuhi kapasitas yang besar dan kehandalan yang cukup tinggi. Pemilihan komunikasi dengan radio microwave pada link ini disebabkan banyaknya kendala pada proses implementasinya, dimana link ini melewati lautan, oleh sebab itu tidak memungkinkan membangun komunikasi kabel laut dalam waktu relatif singkat. Maka sistem komuikasi radio microwave memberikan suatu solusi. Sistem ini merambat dalam garis pandang (line of sight) atau ruang bebas sehingga tidak diperlukan syarat utama yang harus dipenuhi dalam membangun komunikasi radio microwave. Sebelum membangun sistem komunikasi radio microwave maka dibutuhkan perencanaan agar sistem ini memenuhi kebutuhan suatu sistem komunikasi. Perencanaan dilakukan terdiri atas beberapa tahap seperti penentuan lokasi, penentuan rute radio link, konfigurasi radio link dan path analisys. Tahap-tahap tersebut dilaksanakan agar mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal pada suatu perencanaan. Hasil perencanaan dapat digunakan sebagai referensi penentuan penggunaan perangkat yang sesuai dengan spesifikasi dalam pembangunan komunikasi radio microwave dengan rute Pulau Bangka – Pulau Belitung agar mendapatkan hasil yang sesuai dengan standarisasi internasional. Dalam hal ini standar yang digunakan mengacu pada ITU-R.

Perencanaan Jaringan Komunikasi Antara Patani Dan Sorong Menggunakan Radio Microwave

Pembangunan jaringan telekomunikasi antara pulau Maluku – Papua<br />menggunakan radio microwave dengan teknologi SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)<br />yang dapat memenuhi kapasitas yang besar dan kehandalan yang cukup tinggi. Pemilihan<br />komunikasi dengan radio microwave pada link ini disebabkan banyaknya kendala pada<br />proses implementasinya, dimana link ini melewati lautan, oleh sebab itu tidak<br />memungkinkan membangun komunikasi kabel laut dalam waktu relatif singkat. Maka<br />sistem komuikasi radio microwave memberikan suatu solusi. Sistem ini merambat dalam<br />garis pandang (line of sight) atau ruang bebas sehingga tidak diperlukan syarat utama yang<br />harus dipenuhi dalam membangun komunikasi radio microwave. Sebelum membangun<br />sistem komunikasi radio microwave maka dibutuhkan perencanaan agar sistem ini<br />memenuhi kebutuhan suatu sistem komunikasi. Perencanaan dilakukan terdiri atas beberapa<br />tahap seperti penentuan lokasi, penentuan rute radio link, konfigurasi radio link dan path<br />analisys. Tahap-tahap tersebut dilaksanakan agar mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal pada<br />suatu perencanaan. Hasil perencanaan dapat digunakan sebagai referensi penentuan<br />penggunaan perangkat yang sesuai dengan spesifikasi dalam pembangunan komunikasi<br />radio microwave dengan rute pulau Maluku – Papua agar mendapatkan hasil yang sesuai<br />dengan standarisasi internasional. Dalam hal ini standar yang digunakan mengacu pada<br />ITU-R

Random Violation Risk Degree Based Service Channel Routing Mechanism in Smart Grid

Smart gird, integrated power network with communication network, has brought an innovation of traditional power for future green energy. Optical fiber technology and synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) technology is widely used in smart grid communication transmission network. It is a challenge to reduce impact of the availability of smart grid communication services caused by random failures and random time to repair. Firstly, we create a service channel violation risk degree (SCVRD) model to precisely track the violation risk change of communication service channel. It is denoted by the probability of service channel cumulative failure duration exceeding the prescribed duration. Secondly, a service channel violation risk degree routing mechanism is proposed to improve the availability of communication service. At last, the simulation is implemented with MATLAB and network data in one province are used as data instance. The simulation results show that the average service channel failure rate of availability-aware routing based on statistics (AAR-OS) algorithm and risk-aware provisioning algorithm are reduced by 15% and 6%, respectively.