scholarly journals Efficacy of different formulations of Bromodiolone-based rodenticides against rodent pests in alfalfa

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-282
Author(s):  
Goran Jokic ◽  
Marina Vuksa ◽  
Ibrahim Elezovic ◽  
Bojan Stojnic ◽  
Suzana Djedovic
Keyword(s):  
Common Vole ◽  
Field Mouse ◽  
Microtus Arvalis ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Striped Field Mouse ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Mixed Populations ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

In order to compare the efficacy of different formulations of Bromodiolone-based rodenticides against mixed populations of common vole (Microtus arvalis Pall) and striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) in alfalfa, the testing was conducted using the standard EPPO method at the locations of Belegis and Putinci, in summer of 2010. The experimental design consisted of a completely randomized block with four replicates and with the main plot area of 400 m2. The abundance and distribution of small rodents populations at the experimental plots were determined on the basis of appearance and spatial distribution of active holes. The efficacy of different rodenticide formulations was evaluated according to the number of active holes 7, 14, and 28 days after treatment (DAT), using the Henderson- Tilton?s formula. The testing was done with the commercially available rodenticide formulations: (grain-based baits), RB (ready-to-use baits - pouches) and PT (pellets), containing 0.005% of active ingredient Bromodiolone. The monofactoral analysing of variance did not result in any statistically significant difference in efficacy of rodenticide formulations 7 DAT at the Belegis locality and 7 and 14 DAT at the Putinci locality. But, the statistically significant difference in efficacy of rodenticide formulations was observed at Belegis locality on the 14th day of the experiment. Also, at the end of experiment, the efficacy of rodenticide formulations significantly varied at both locations. Nominally, the lowest efficacy of 72.5% was exhibited by formulation, while the average efficacy of RB and PT formulations against mixed populations of common vole and striped field mouse in alfalfa was 88.3% and 77.7%, respectively. It is concluded that the use of RB formulation of Bromodiolone-based rodenticides can improve the control of rodent pests in alfalfa.

scholarly journals Benefits of Gardening Activities for Cognitive Function According to Measurement of Brain Nerve Growth Factor Levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sin-Ae Park ◽  
A-Young Lee ◽  
Hee-Geun Park ◽  
Wang-Lok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Nerve Growth Factors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Garden Plot

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of gardening activities in senior individuals on brain nerve growth factors related to cognitive function. Forty-one senior individuals (age 76.6 ± 6.0 years) were recruited from the local community in Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea. A 20-min low-to-moderate intensity gardening activity intervention, making a vegetable garden, was performed by the subjects in a garden plot located on the Konkuk University (Seoul, South Korea) campus. The gardening involved six activities including cleaning a garden plot, digging, fertilizing, raking, planting/transplanting, and watering. To determine the effects of the gardening activities on brain nerve growth factors related to memory, blood samples were drawn twice from each subject before and after the gardening activity by professional nurses. The levels of brain nerve growth factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), were analyzed. Levels of BDNF and PDGF were significantly increased after the gardening activity. This study revealed a potential benefit of gardening activities for cognitive function in senior individuals.

scholarly journals Annual White Grub Control on a Golf Course Fairway Using Subsurface and Conventional Application Methods, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-287
Author(s):  
F. P. Baxendale ◽  
A. P. Weinhold ◽  
K. Von Bargen ◽  
R. D. Grisso
Keyword(s):  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract This study was conducted in Lincoln, NE on a golf course fairway. The turf (100% Kentucky bluegrass) was maintained at a mowing height of 5/s inches. Thatch accumulation (finger compressed) in the plot area was 0.5 to 0.75 inches. Field conditions at the study site were: soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6.7; water pH, 7.0. Soil moisture was maintained at approximately 17% by weight, throughout the study. Plots were 40 inches × 15 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with 3 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied on 23 Aug 1994 using either a Cushman prototype subsurface applicator designed to place insecticide granular treatments at the soil-thatch interface (avg depth 0.75 inches), or a Gandy 24H12 drop spreader. Following applications, plots were irrigated with 0.5 inches of water. Posttreatment precipitation totaled 0.42 inches. Treatments were evaluated 21 DAT on 13 Sep by removing from each plot three, 8-inch diam turf-soil cores (1.05 ft2 total area) to a depth of 3 inches and counting the number of surviving grubs. Pretreatment counts indicated 10-40 SMC/ft2 with 80-90% in the third instar stage in the test area.

A Method for Assessing Herbicide Performance in Small Plot Experiments

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Hamill ◽  
P.B. Marriage ◽  
G. Friesen
Keyword(s):  
Individual Species ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Retrieval Systems ◽  
Weed Cover ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Grass Weed

A method is described that provides an accurate and useful assessment of herbicide performance in small plot experiments. This method is an extension of previous rating systems and provides an assessment of the control of individual species through an estimation of the percentage that each contributes to the total broadleaf or grass weed cover on the whole plot area. It permits data collection on individual weed species but is less time-consuming than counting individual plants and it takes into account the size and vigor of individual weed plants as well as their relative abundance. Further, the system allows tabulation of data from across the entire plot rather than from small areas within the plot. The data can be readily entered into various computerized retrieval systems.

Garden Plot Game Sows Knowledge of Points and Picas

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-40
Author(s):  
Bill Cloud
Keyword(s):  
Garden Plot

scholarly journals Relationships between Structural Indices and Conventional Stand Attributes in an Old-Growth Forest in Southeast Europe

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srđan Keren ◽  
Miroslav Svoboda ◽  
Pavel Janda ◽  
Thomas A. Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Stand Attributes ◽  
Structural Indices

Structural indices are often proposed as guiding measures for increasing structural heterogeneity. However, few studies have examined the association between such indices and conventional stand attributes. The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate changes in structural heterogeneity and tree species diversity at different plot sizes and to quantify the relationships between conventional stand attributes (mean tree diameter, absolute tree density, basal area, species proportion) and structural indices in a mixed old-growth forest in Southeast Europe. Paired tests were used to identify significant changes in structural heterogeneity with increased plot area, while the relationships between stand attributes and analyzed indices (Gini, diameter differentiation, species mingling, and Shannon’s index) were evaluated with Pearson’s correlations. The index values of Gini, diameter differentiation, and tree species mingling were rather stable with the increase of plot size, whereas tree species diversity increased significantly with the increase of plot area from 200 m2 to 1500 m2. The measures of tree species mingling and tree species diversity were strongly associated with each other, while their association with diameter variability was weak to moderately strong. Tree species mingling index was strongly associated with the changes in tree species proportions. However, conventional stand attributes were generally not strongly correlated with the examined indices. For restoring and maintaining old-growth characteristics, forest managers may use structural indices to increase small-scale structural heterogeneity, tree species mingling, and diversity, but only as an additional set of measures, not as surrogates for conventional stand attributes.

scholarly journals Influence of Post-Application Irrigation on Control of Annual White Grubs on a Golf Course Fair-Way, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-355
Author(s):  
F.P. Baxendale ◽  
A.P. Weinhold ◽  
K.A. Weinhold
Keyword(s):  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract This study was conducted in Lincoln, NE on a golf course fairway. The turf (20% Kentucky bluegrass and 80% perennial rye) was maintained at a mowing height of 11/16 inch. Thatch accumulation (finger compressed) in the plot area was 0.375 to 0.50 inch. Field conditions at the study site were: soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 4%; soil pH, 6.2; water pH, 7.0. Environmental conditions at the time of application were as follows: soil moisture 12% by wt.; air temperature 72°F; soil temperature 72°F; relative humidity 43%; wind direction and velocity 6° at 7 mph. Plots were 6 X 10 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with 3 replications. Insecticides were applied once on 9 Jul and twice on 11 Jul. Liquids were applied using a CO2 sprayer with a TeeJet® 8002 nozzle at 30 psi and delivering 2 gal/1000 square feet. A pre-calibrated Gandy 24H12 drop spreader was used to apply granular insecticides. Post-application irrigations were applied as follows: 09 Jul application, none; 11 Jul, first application, 0.35 inch; 11 Jul, second application with syringe, approximately 0.125 inch. Normal irrigation was resumed after 48 h. Precipitation between application and evaluation totaled 11.3 inches. Treatments were evaluated 57 DAT on 4 SEP by removing from each plot three, 8-inch diam turf-soil cores (1.05 ft2 total area) to a depth of 3 inches and counting the number of surviving grubs. Insecticides were applied prior to the onset of masked chafer oviposition.

THE EFFECT OF APHIS FABAE SCOP. ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF FIELD BEANS IN A GARDEN PLOT

1952 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Judenko ◽  
C. G. Johnson ◽  
L. R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Garden Plot ◽  
Field Beans

Herbage yield and cattle preference for dryland pasture grasses

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-239
Author(s):  
W. P. McCaughey
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Harvesting Techniques ◽  
Preference Ratings

In a 3-yr pasture trial, herbage yield and cattle preference were recorded on a small plot area which was mob-grazed by cattle. Sampling grazed plots with quadrats had greater variability associated with the technique than traditional mechanical harvesting techniques, but the technique allowed grazing to continue on the remaining plot area so that other information such as cattle preference ratings could be collected. Results indicated that differences (P < 0.001) in herbage yield between cultivars could be detected despite having greater coefficients of variation than traditional mechanical harvesting methods and that differences (P < 0.001) in cattle preference could be determined using visual rating scores. Key words: Grass, cattle, preference, yield, forage

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