Type Systems for Bigraphs

2009 ◽  
pp. 126-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebbe Elsborg ◽  
Thomas T. Hildebrandt ◽  
Davide Sangiorgi
Keyword(s):  
Type Systems

Effects of activated carbon on treatment of photo-processing waste by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binle Lin ◽  
K. Futono ◽  
A. Yokoi ◽  
M. Hosomi ◽  
A. Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Type Systems ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Adsorption Effect ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

Establishing economic treatment technology for safe disposal of photo-processing waste (PW) has most recently become an urgent environmental concern. This paper describes a new biological treatment process for PW using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) in conjunction with activated carbon (AC). Batch-type acclimation and adsorption experiments using SOB/PAC, SOB/PNAC, and SOB reactor type systems demonstrated that AC effectively adsorbs the toxic/refractory compounds which inhibit thiosulfate oxidization of SOB in PW. Thus, to further clarify the effect of AC, we performed a long-term (≈ 160 d) continuous-treatment experiment on 4- to 8-times dilution of PW using a SOB/GAC system which simulated a typical wastewater treatment system based on an aerobic activated sludge process that primarily uses acclimated SOB. The thiosulfate load and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were fixed during treatment such that they ranged from 0.8-3.7 kg S2O32-/l/d and 7.7-1.9 d, respectively. As expected, continuous treatment led to breakthrough of the adsorption effect of GAC. Renewing the GAC and continuing treatment for about 10 d demonstrated good treatment effectiveness.

MEDICAL CYBERNETICS AND BIOMECHANICS: THIRD TYPE SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Es'kov ◽  
◽  
V. V. Grigorenko ◽  
N. B. Nazina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Systems

scholarly journals Pure patterns type systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Barthe ◽  
Horatiu Cirstea ◽  
Claude Kirchner ◽  
Luigi Liquori
Keyword(s):  
Type Systems

Existence of traveling waves in Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–type systems on a 2D–lattice

2021 ◽  
Vol 252 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-462
Author(s):  
Sergiy Mykolayovych Bak ◽  
Galyna Mykolayivna Kovtonyuk
Keyword(s):  
Traveling Waves ◽  
Type Systems

scholarly journals Band degeneracy enhanced thermoelectric performance in layered oxyselenides by first-principles calculations

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Menglu Li ◽  
Haiyan Xiao ◽  
Zhibin Gao ◽  
Zijiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Transport Theory ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Type Systems ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Boltzmann Transport ◽  
Seebeck Coefficients ◽  
Boltzmann Transport Theory ◽  
P Type

AbstractBand degeneracy is effective in optimizing the power factors of thermoelectric (TE) materials by enhancing the Seebeck coefficients. In this study, we demonstrate this effect in model systems of layered oxyselenide family by the density functional theory (DFT) combined with semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory. TE transport performance of layered LaCuOSe and BiCuOSe are fully compared. The results show that due to the larger electrical conductivities caused by longer electron relaxation times, the n-type systems show better TE performance than p-type systems for both LaCuOSe and BiCuOSe. Besides, the conduction band degeneracy of LaCuOSe leads to a larger Seebeck coefficient and a higher optimal carrier concentration than n-type BiCuOSe, and thus a higher power factor. The optimal figure of merit (ZT) value of 1.46 for n-type LaCuOSe is 22% larger than that of 1.2 for n-type BiCuOSe. This study highlights the potential of wide band gap material LaCuOSe for highly efficient TE applications, and demonstrates that inducing band degeneracy by cations substitution is an effective way to enhance the TE performance of layered oxyselenides.

scholarly journals Polymorphic Iterable Sequential Effect Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-79
Author(s):  
Colin S. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Algebraic Structure ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Type Systems ◽  
Sequential Effect ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Sequential Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Categorical Semantics

Effect systems are lightweight extensions to type systems that can verify a wide range of important properties with modest developer burden. But our general understanding of effect systems is limited primarily to systems where the order of effects is irrelevant. Understanding such systems in terms of a semilattice of effects grounds understanding of the essential issues and provides guidance when designing new effect systems. By contrast, sequential effect systems—where the order of effects is important—lack an established algebraic structure on effects. We present an abstract polymorphic effect system parameterized by an effect quantale—an algebraic structure with well-defined properties that can model the effects of a range of existing sequential effect systems. We define effect quantales, derive useful properties, and show how they cleanly model a variety of known sequential effect systems. We show that for most effect quantales, there is an induced notion of iterating a sequential effect; that for systems we consider the derived iteration agrees with the manually designed iteration operators in prior work; and that this induced notion of iteration is as precise as possible when defined. We also position effect quantales with respect to work on categorical semantics for sequential effect systems, clarifying the distinctions between these systems and our own in the course of giving a thorough survey of these frameworks. Our derived iteration construct should generalize to these semantic structures, addressing limitations of that work. Finally, we consider the relationship between sequential effects and Kleene Algebras, where the latter may be used as instances of the former.

scholarly journals A multi-step Lagrangian scheme for spatially inhomogeneous evolutionary games

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Almi ◽  
Marco Morandotti ◽  
Francesco Solombrino
Keyword(s):  
Mean Field ◽  
Evolutionary Games ◽  
Type Systems ◽  
Convergence Result ◽  
Performance Criterion ◽  
Mean Field Limit ◽  
Spatially Inhomogeneous ◽  
Convergence Results ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Lagrangian Scheme

AbstractA multi-step Lagrangian scheme at discrete times is proposed for the approximation of a nonlinear continuity equation arising as a mean-field limit of spatially inhomogeneous evolutionary games, describing the evolution of a system of spatially distributed agents with strategies, or labels, whose payoff depends also on the current position of the agents. The scheme is Lagrangian, as it traces the evolution of position and labels along characteristics, and is a multi-step scheme, as it develops on the following two stages: First, the distribution of strategies or labels is updated according to a best performance criterion, and then, this is used by the agents to evolve their position. A general convergence result is provided in the space of probability measures. In the special cases of replicator-type systems and reversible Markov chains, variants of the scheme, where the explicit step in the evolution of the labels is replaced by an implicit one, are also considered and convergence results are provided.

Food “buycott” as an ethical choice against mafia in Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Rivaroli ◽  
Arianna Ruggeri ◽  
Roberta Spadoni
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Type Systems ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Marketing Ethics ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Critical Choice

Purpose As indicated in the Italian law (No. 109-1996), agri-food co-operatives can also play a role in combatting mafia-type systems by choosing to grow their food products in lands confiscated from mafia-type organisations. These food products provide individuals with a new opportunity to fight criminal organisations on the marketplace. The purpose of this study is to explore how people react to a social marketing initiative devoted to promoting food “buycotting” to counteract mafia-type organisations in Italy. Design/methodology/approach The data were obtained from a convenience sample of 339 Italians, and the study adopted a model inspired by the general theory of marketing ethics. A structural equation model was applied to estimate both the parameter and coefficient functions. Findings Individuals recognise the ethical value of “buycotting”. However, they perceive this form of critical choice as not yet being fully effective in counteracting mafia-type systems in Italy. Practical implications The results suggest that promotional and psychological approaches from marketing literature can be effectively used to influence the consumer’s ethical judgement by selectively communicating and emphasising the benefits of the critical consumption investigated. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to address consumers’ ethical judgments and their reactions towards buycotting food as a critical choice to reward socially responsible corporations.

scholarly journals Java and scala's type systems are unsound: the existential crisis of null pointers

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 838-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Amin ◽  
Ross Tate
Keyword(s):  
Type Systems ◽  
Existential Crisis
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