Some Methodological Issues in Second-Language Speech Research: Participant Selection and Experimental Design

2011 ◽  
pp. 317-326
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Rojczyk
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Research Participant ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Participant Selection ◽  
Speech Research

scholarly journals Autism genetics: Methodological issues and experimental design

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 946-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Sacco ◽  
Carla Lintas ◽  
Antonio M. Persico
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Autism Genetics

Relationships in the Learning Process of Reading Comprehension in Spanish and English

2020 ◽  
pp. 281-301
Author(s):  
Raúl Gutiérrez-Fresneda
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Written Information ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

English is one of the most studied and used languages worldwide. The process of acquiring reading is a complex task that involves mastering a set of strategies aimed at assimilating written information by the reader. Different studies have shown that the process of understanding reading in the mother tongue has certain similarities with this same learning in English because in both situations semantic and contextual information is used, but there are also several authors who point out that there are distinctions between reading models in a first and second language. This chapter delves into these relationships, which focus on analysing the variables that most influence the learning of comprehensive capacity in Spanish and English. A quasi-experimental design of comparison between groups with pre-test and post-test measurements was used. The study involved 120 students aged between 8 and 9. The results indicate that there are a number of factors that are related in learning to read in Spanish and English.

Field Experiments and Natural Experiments

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Gerber ◽  
Donald P. Green
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Political Methodology ◽  
Field Experimentation ◽  
The Many

This article evaluates the strengths and limitations of field experimentation. It first defines field experimentation and describes the many forms that field experiments take. It also interprets the growth and development of field experimentation. It then discusses why experiments are valuable for causal inference. The assumptions of experimental and nonexperimental inference are distinguished, noting that the value accorded to observational research is often inflated by misleading reporting conventions. The article elaborates on the study of natural experiments and discontinuities as alternatives to both randomized interventions and conventional nonexperimental research. Finally, it outlines a list of methodological issues that arise commonly in connection with experimental design and analysis: the role of covariates, planned vs. unplanned comparisons, and extrapolation. It concludes by dealing with the ways in which field experimentation is reshaping the field of political methodology.

scholarly journals Teaching Struggling Readers of English as a Second Language in the Malaysian Classroom

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-183
Author(s):  
Siti Soraya Lin Abdullah Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Instructional Strategies ◽  
Struggling Readers ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Research Participant ◽  
Primary Teacher ◽  
Classroom Observations ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Reading Growth ◽  
Effective Teaching Strategies

Teacher plays an important role in students’ reading growth through the implementation of various suitable instructional strategies in the classroom. This study contributes to the existing literature pertaining to the way the teacher worked with the students who were identified as struggling readers of English as a second language (henceforth ESL). This is a qualitative study involving one primary teacher as a research participant. Data was obtained from classroom observations, interviews and documents collection. Inductive analysis was carried out and the process incorporating a co-construction of meaning between the participant responses and the researcher’s own understanding. Two main themes emerged in the study namely “involvement” and “challenges”. In this paper, one of the themes namely “involvement” that incorporates “classroom environment” and “instructional methods” will be discussed. The findings of this study suggest that the Ministry of Education (henceforth MOE) can look into how support can be given to the teachers to assist them to have more effective teaching strategies in the ESL classroom.

scholarly journals Challenges for Preclinical Investigations of Human Biofield Modalities

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. gahmj.2015.013.
Author(s):  
Gloria Gronowicz ◽  
William Bengston ◽  
Garret Yount
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Therapeutic Touch ◽  
Clinical Protocols ◽  
Short History ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Healing Touch ◽  
History Of

Preclinical models for studying the effects of the human biofield have great potential to advance our understanding of human biofield modalities, which include external qigong, Johrei, Reiki, therapeutic touch, healing touch, polarity therapy, pranic healing, and other practices. A short history of Western biofield studies using preclinical models is presented and demonstrates numerous and consistent examples of human biofields significantly affecting biological systems both in vitro and in vivo. Methodological issues arising from these studies and practical solutions in experimental design are presented. Important questions still left unanswered with preclinical models include variable reproducibility, dosing, intentionality of the practitioner, best preclinical systems, and mechanisms. Input from the biofield practitioners in the experimental design is critical to improving experimental outcomes; however, the development of standard criteria for uniformity of practice and for inclusion of multiple practitioners is needed. Research in human biofield studies involving preclinical models promises a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of biofield therapies and will be important in guiding clinical protocols and integrating treatments with conventional medical therapies.

scholarly journals Allocation Of Attention To Second Language Form And Meaning

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Morgan-Short ◽  
Jeanne Heil ◽  
Andrea Botero-Moriarty ◽  
Shane Ebert
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Thinking Aloud ◽  
Language Form ◽  
Think Alouds ◽  
L2 Learners

The aims of the present study were twofold. The study addressed the issues of simultaneous attention to form and meaning in second language (L2) written input and reactivity of think-alouds. Specifically, the study examined the comprehension of L2 learners of Spanish who either attended to lexical or grammatical forms while reading for meaning or read for meaning alone. Learners completed these tasks while either thinking aloud or not. Results indicated only a minimal effect for thinking aloud that did not appear to compromise the internal validity of the study. Additionally, results showed that attending to grammatical or lexical form while reading for meaning did not affect comprehension. Indeed, learners who processed these forms more deeply evidenced greater comprehension. These findings are considered in light of methodological issues and the larger issue of simultaneous attention to form and meaning in a L2.

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