Distance Education Experiences of First-Year Undergraduate Students

In this study, interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA), one of the forms of analysis of phenomenology included in qualitative research paradigms, is introduced. First, the chapter emphasized what the phenomenology pattern is as well as the history and basic philosophy of phenomenology. Afterward, the phenomenological approaches will be mentioned, and a comparison of the related approaches shall be presented. The aim of this study and the research questions were shaped by including an exemplary phenomenon in the basic framework. In order to find answers to the relevant research questions, the method of the study, the participant selection, and the data collection process, ensuring validity and reliability and the issues to be considered in the interpretation of the data were discussed. The analysis process of the data collected through a sample data collection tool was explained. The results obtained through IPA were combined under themes. In this way, a model was developed in the study. In this study, important explanations about the use of IPA for researchers were given.

Hermeneutic Phenomenology

In this chapter, the qualitative research methodology known as hermeneutic phenomenology was explored beginning with a brief historical overview of phenomenology and hermeneutic phenomenology followed by a conceptualization of hermeneutic phenomenology. As elements of the hermeneutic phenomenological research process were explored, practical applications were provided as exemplars of each component of the process including participant selection, the hermeneutic circle, forestructures, data collection, management, and analysis. These application exemplars were presented in italics and labeled as applications. Attempts were made to contextualize the methodology in ways understandable to doctoral students seeking a methodological framework within which to situate their own research. Finally, sample completed studies utilizing hermeneutic phenomenology were referenced.

CAEC (COMMUNITY OF ACTIVE ENGLISH COMMUNICATION)-BASED EMPOWERMENT OF LAKE TEMPE WAJO TOURISM REGIONAL COMMUNITIES

South Sulawesi's Lake Tempe is a popular tourist site. Many foreigners, both locally and internationally, visit Lake Tempe. The quality of the guide's service has a significant impact on the smoothness and comfort of travel in Tempe. As a result, a training and mentoring program for foreign-language tourism performers in the Tempe Lake area is required. The PKM program is carried out in stages: (1) PKM participant selection; (2) PKM briefing participants; (3) survey site; (4) PKM program socialization; (5) debriefing tourist actors; and (6) twice-weekly training and mentorship for three months. In total, 25 meetings were held to provide training and mentorship. The training team enhances the vocabulary at the start of the training, and subsequently, the material and speaking are intensified by the team. The assessment's findings revealed a significant increase: (1) There were three people in the very good group, 25 in the good category, and two in the bad category when it came to vocabulary ability. (2) There are 26 persons who are classified as good at tenses, and just four people who are classified as less good. (3) In terms of speaking skill, four people were rated as very good, 25 were rated as good, and one was rated as less good.

Anxiety, Beliefs and Covid-19 in Two Periods of the Pandemic in Brazil: A comparative study

This research compared evocations regarding the term “coronavirus” during two different periodsin the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil in 2020 — March (beginning of the pandemic in the country)and June (Brazil as the epicenter of the pandemic) —, considering the presence or absence ofanxiety symptoms in participants. The methodology adopted the free evocation technique and theGeneralized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) symptom scale. The sample was composed of 5,961 womenand 1,153 men. Participant selection was relegated to convenience sampling by means of an onlinequestionnaire. Results showed that the coronavirus had diff erential impacts among the groups thatwere assessed and according to the time of data collection. In general, in March, people with anxietysymptoms had a more catastrophic view of the future, while people without those symptoms had aless unfavorable repertoire to adjust to the situation. In June, both groups reported a negative viewof the scenario, indicating a decrease or exhaustion in their capacity for psychological adjustment.This suggests the possibility of an increase of some conditions that result in adaptive impairment,exhaustion, and mental illness. Finally, it is important to understand people’s beliefs about the coronavirusat diff erent times of the pandemic because it is a favorable period for the emergence and/orintensification of mental disorders.

Perceptions of HIV Research Participation Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men who Have Sex with Men and Transgender and Nonbinary Adults: Results From a Midwest Pride Event

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to disproportionately affect gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) and transgender and nonbinary (trans/NB) individuals. This study investigated attitudes toward participation in HIV survey research, guided by Emanuel's framework for ethical clinical research (e.g., risk–benefit ratio, fair participant selection, respect for participants, social value, and collaborative partnership). GBM ( n = 294) and trans/NB ( n = 86) persons recruited at a Pride event in Milwaukee completed a survey assessing risks and benefits of participation in, and comfort responding to, sexual health surveys. Participants reported few ethical concerns (e.g., privacy and confidentiality), with notable differences by race, sexual orientation and gender identity, and prior research experiences. Implications for HIV research with GBM and trans/NB individuals are discussed.

New way of investigating ICT- enhanced teaching in TAFE Australia: Disciplinary focused

Teachers’ ways of using ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in various disciplines is a recent issue in the higher educational research paradigm. In order to extend previous findings in relation to this issue, this research proposes an in-depth investigation focusing on vocational teachers’ qualitatively diverse ways of using ICT in different disciplines. A cohort of 11 teachers from three TAFE (Technical and Further Education) institutions of NSW, Australia, were purposively chosen aiming to ensure adequate variations in disciplines, gender, and experience of using ICT. The phenomenographic research approach was considered as the theoretical and methodological underpinning which guided the participant selection, data collection and data analysis. The findings revealed that disciplines have very limited influence on using ICT in TAFE teaching. It further discerned four categories of description: tool, content, subject, and student focused. The findings provide useful information towards improving vocational teaching practices in different disciplines and working as an input for improving teacher professional development program (TPD). In order to generalise these findings, an extended research with a wider sample is recommended.

Critical Thoughts About Health Disparities With the NIA Division of Neuroscience

Population-based health disparities studies requires improved research design and appropriate research questions for investigation that will inform evidenced-based interventions and prevention strategies. The NIA Division of Neuroscience is committed to supporting new studies that 1) invests in health priorities as reflected by needs of minoritized populations (e.g. Race/Ethnic minorities; Rural or Sexual Gender Minorities); 2) examines Alzheimer’s Disease and cognitive changes across the individual lifespan; and 3) understands intersectionality of cohorts and minimize potential biases in participant selection. This brief session will outline updated steps to permit critical thought about the use of the NIA’s Health Disparities Framework to examine relevant biological, sociocultural, behavioral and environmental across multiple levels of influence.

The Validity of Prayer Importance Scale (PIS)

Prayer is a central element of religiosity but research has focused primarily on distinguishing its types and analyzing its functional aspect. A particularly important issue is the subjective evaluation of prayer importance, which so far has not been reflected in the form of an independent psychometric tool. This is why the goal of the presented study was to develop Prayer Importance Scale (PIS) based on Tatala’s definition of the concept. Two studies were conducted to verify reliability and validity of the tool. The proposed model was found to fit the data well. Correlations of PIS with basic parameters of religiosity: religious awareness, religious feelings, religious decisions, bond with a fellowship of believers, religious practices, religious morality, religious experience and forms of profession of faith were found to be significant. PIS can be a quick method providing information on the degree of religiosity and be used in participant selection in research studies.

Questionable Research Practices in Single-Case Experimental Designs: Examples and Possible Solutions

Questionable research practices (QRPs) are a variety of research choices that introduce bias into the body of scientific literature. Researchers have documented widespread presence of QRPs across disciplines and promoted practices aimed at preventing them. More recently, Single-Case Experimental Design (SCED) researchers have explored how QRPs could manifest in SCED research. In the chapter, we describe QRPs in participant selection, independent variable selection, procedural fidelity documentation, graphical depictions of behavior, and effect size measures and statistics. We also discuss QRPs in relation to the file drawer effect, publication bias, and meta-analyses of SCED research. We provide recommendations for researchers and the research community to promote practices for preventing QRPs in SCED.

Using Electronic Medical Records to Identify Potentially Eligible Study Subjects for Lung Cancer Screening with Biomarkers

Lung cancer screening trials using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) show reduced late-stage diagnosis and mortality rates. These trials have identified high-risk groups that would benefit from screening. However, these sub-populations can be difficult to access and retain in trials. Implementation of national screening programmes further suggests that there is poor uptake in eligible populations. A new approach to participant selection may be more effective. Electronic medical records (EMRs) are a viable alternative to population-based or health registries, as they contain detailed clinical and demographic information. Trials have identified that e-screening using EMRs has improved trial retention and eligible subject identification. As such, this paper argues for greater use of EMRs in trial recruitment and screening programmes. Moreover, this opinion paper explores the current issues in and approaches to lung cancer screening, whether records can be used to identify eligible subjects for screening and the challenges that researchers face when using EMR data.