scholarly journals Solving Single-Digit Sudoku Subproblems

2012 ◽  
pp. 142-153
Author(s):  
David Eppstein
Keyword(s):  
Single Digit

Half- Sandwich cyclopentadienylruthenium(II) Complexes: A New Antimalarial Chemotype

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Alexandra Milheiro ◽  
Joana Gonçalves ◽  
Ricardo Lopes ◽  
Margarida Madureira ◽  
Lis Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Blood Stage ◽  
Nuclear Accumulation ◽  
Selective Absorption ◽  
Asexual Parasite ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Liver Stage ◽  
Dual Stage ◽  
Fluorescent Compounds ◽  
Half Sandwich

<p><a>A small library of “half-sandwich” cyclopentadienylruthenium(II) compounds of general formula [(</a>η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>R<sub>5</sub>)Ru(PPh<sub>3</sub>)(N-N)][PF<sub>6</sub>], a scaffold hitherto unfeatured in the toolbox of antiplasmodials, was screened for activity against the blood stage of CQ-sensitive 3D7-GFP, CQ-resistant Dd2 and artemisinin-resistant IPC5202 <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> strains, and the liver stage of <i>P. berghei</i>. The best performing compounds displayed dual-stage activity, with single-digit nM IC<sub>50</sub> values against blood stage malaria parasites, nM activity against liver stage parasites, and residual cytotoxicity against mammalian cells (HepG2, Huh7). Parasitic absorption/distribution of 7-nitrobenzoxadiazole-appended fluorescent compounds <b>Ru4</b> and <b>Ru5</b> was investigated by confocal fluorescence microscopy, revealing parasite-selective absorption in infected erythrocytes and nuclear accumulation of both compounds. The lead compound <b>Ru2</b> impaired asexual parasite differentiation, exhibiting fast parasiticidal activity against both ring and trophozoite stages of a synchronized <i>P. falciparum</i> 3D7 strain. These results point to cyclopentadienylruthenium(II) complexes as a highly promising chemotype for the development of dual-stage antiplasmodials.</p>

scholarly journals Flexor tendon and synovial gliding during simultaneous and single digit flexion in idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke M. Ettema ◽  
Kai-Nan An ◽  
Chunfeng Zhao ◽  
Megan M. O’Byrne ◽  
Peter C. Amadio
Keyword(s):  
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome

Neural Correlates of Mathematical Problem Solving

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ling Lin ◽  
Melody Jung ◽  
Ying Choon Wu ◽  
Hsiao-Ching She ◽  
Tzyy-Ping Jung
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Mathematical Problem Solving ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
First Time ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Arithmetical Problem Solving

This study explores electroencephalography (EEG) brain dynamics associated with mathematical problem solving. EEG and solution latencies (SLs) were recorded as 11 neurologically healthy volunteers worked on intellectually challenging math puzzles that involved combining four single-digit numbers through basic arithmetic operators (addition, subtraction, division, multiplication) to create an arithmetic expression equaling 24. Estimates of EEG spectral power were computed in three frequency bands — θ (4–7 Hz), α (8–13 Hz) and β (14–30 Hz) — over a widely distributed montage of scalp electrode sites. The magnitude of power estimates was found to change in a linear fashion with SLs — that is, relative to a base of power spectrum, theta power increased with longer SLs, while alpha and beta power tended to decrease. Further, the topographic distribution of spectral fluctuations was characterized by more pronounced asymmetries along the left–right and anterior–posterior axes for solutions that involved a longer search phase. These findings reveal for the first time the topography and dynamics of EEG spectral activities important for sustained solution search during arithmetical problem solving.

Sampling-oscilloscope measurement of a microwave mixer with single-digit phase accuracy

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1210-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.F. Williams ◽  
H. Khenissi ◽  
F. Ndagijimana ◽  
K.A. Remley ◽  
J.P. Dunsmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Digit ◽  
Microwave Mixer ◽  
Sampling Oscilloscope

Residual-effected homogeneous charge compression ignition at a low compression ratio using exhaust reinduction

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Caton ◽  
A. J. Simon ◽  
J. C. Gerdes ◽  
C. F. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Hcci Combustion ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
No Emissions ◽  
Homogeneous Charge

Studies have been conducted to assess the performance of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion initiated by exhaust reinduction from the previous engine cycle. Reinduction is achieved using a fully flexible electrohydraulic variable-valve actuation system. In this way, HCCI is implemented at low compression ratio without throttling the intake or exhaust, and without preheating the intake charge. By using late exhaust valve closing and late intake valve opening strategies, steady HCCI combustion was achieved over a range of engine conditions. By varying the timing of both valve events, control can be exerted over both work output (load) and combustion phasing. In comparison with throttled spark ignition (SI) operation on the same engine, HCCI achieved 25–55 per cent of the peak SI indicated work, and did so at uniformly higher thermal efficiency. This was accompanied by a two order of magnitude reduction in NO emissions. In fact, single-digit (ppm) NO emissions were realized under many load conditions. In contrast, hydrocarbon emissions proved to be significantly higher in HCCI combustion under almost all conditions. Varying the equivalence ratio showed a wider equivalence ratio tolerance at low loads for HCCI.

(Invited) Single-Digit Nanofabrication Routes for Tailoring and Assembling Graphene into Functional Nanostructures and Devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaogan Liang ◽  
Deirdre L. Olynick ◽  
Stefano Cabrini ◽  
Jeffrey Bokor
Keyword(s):  
Single Digit ◽  
Functional Nanostructures

The Influence of Structural Aspects of the English Counting Word System on the Teaching and Learning of Place Value

1998 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Place Value ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Value System ◽  
Number Words ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Structural Aspects

The influence of structural aspects of the English counting word system on the teaching and learning of place value In their discussion of the teaching of place value to young children Fuson and Briars (1990) describe the extent to which the English spoken system of number words constitutes a ‘named value’ system for large numbers. They argue that, because two-digit numbers are not ‘named value’, teachers should move from teaching single-digit calculations to teaching calculations with large numbers, only returning to two-digit numbers when children are familiar with the standard written algorithms. This article uses transcriptions of children calculating mentally to suggest that they appear to take advantage of the ‘partitionable’ aspect of the language associated with two-digit numbers - an aspect that Fuson and Briars (1990) appear to have ignored. These examples appear to raise questions about their recommendation that teachers should progress from single-digit to large number calculations.

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