Fatty Acids, Lipoproteins, and Lipid Emulsions

2002 ◽  
pp. 38-53
Author(s):  
Y. A. Carpentier ◽  
I. E. Dupont
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Emulsions

scholarly journals Intravenous Lipid Emulsions to Deliver Bioactive Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Improved Patient Outcomes

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip C. Calder
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Lipid Emulsions ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Meta Analyses

Lipids used in intravenous nutrition support (i.e., parenteral nutrition) provide energy, building blocks, and essential fatty acids. These lipids are included as emulsions since they need to be soluble in an aqueous environment. Fish oil is a source of bioactive omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid). Lipid emulsions, including fish oil, have been used for parenteral nutrition for adult patients post-surgery (mainly gastrointestinal). This has been associated with alterations in biomarkers of inflammation and immune defense, and in some studies, a reduction in length of intensive care unit and hospital stay. These benefits, along with a reduction in infections, are emphasized through recent meta-analyses. Perioperative administration of fish oil may be superior to postoperative administration, but this requires further exploration. Parenteral fish oil has been used in critically ill adult patients. Here, the influence on inflammatory processes, immune function, and clinical endpoints is less clear. However, some studies found reduced inflammation, improved gas exchange, and shorter length of hospital stay in critically ill patients if they received fish oil. Meta-analyses do not present a consistent picture but are limited by the small number and size of studies. More and better trials are needed in patient groups in which parenteral nutrition is used and where fish oil, as a source of bioactive omega-3 fatty acids, may offer benefits.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Based Lipid Emulsions for Treatment of Patients after Hepatectomy: A Prospective Clinical Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanfeng Gong ◽  
Zhaohui Liu ◽  
Yadi Liao ◽  
Cong Mai ◽  
Tiejun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Prospective Clinical Trial ◽  
Lipid Emulsions

scholarly journals Immunomodulation by an Omega-6 Fatty Acid Reduced Mixed Lipid Emulsion in Murine Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2048
Author(s):  
Matthias Hecker ◽  
Matthias Rose ◽  
Andreas Hecker ◽  
Hartmut Dietrich ◽  
Martina B. Schaefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Lipid Emulsions ◽  
Lps Challenge

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with both high morbidity and mortality in intensive care units worldwide. Patients with ARDS often require parenteral nutrition with lipid emulsions as essential components. In the present study, we assessed the immunomodulatory and apoptotic effects of a modern, n-6-reduced lipid emulsion mixture in murine ARDS. Methods: Mice received an infusion of either normal saline solution, pure long-chain triglyceride (LCT) emulsion, or SMOF (soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil) before a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Mice were sacrificed at different time points (0, 24, or 72 h) after ARDS induction, and an analysis of inflammatory cytokines, protein concentrations, and the cellular composition of the alveolar and interstitial compartments was performed with special focus on alveolar apoptosis and necrosis. Results: Mice infused with SMOF showed decreased leukocyte invasion, protein leakage, myeloperoxidase activity, and cytokine production in alveolar spaces after LPS challenge compared to animals that received LCT. There were fewer cells in the lung interstitium of the SMOF group compared to the LCT group. Both lipid emulsions exerted pro-apoptotic and pro-necrotic properties on alveolar immune cells, with significantly increased necrosis in mice infused with LCT compared to SMOF. Conclusion: SMOF has both anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving influences in murine ARDS. Partial replacement of n-6 fatty acids with n-3/n-9 fatty acids may therefore benefit critically ill patients at risk for ARDS who require parenteral nutrition.

scholarly journals Plasma and Red Blood Cell PUFAs in Home Parenteral Nutrition Paediatric Patients—Effects of Lipid Emulsions

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3748
Author(s):  
Antonella Lezo ◽  
Valentina D’Onofrio ◽  
Maria Paola Puccinelli ◽  
Teresa Capriati ◽  
Antonella De Francesco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Lipid Emulsions ◽  
Mead Acid ◽  
Paediatric Patients

Background: Mixed lipid emulsions (LE) containing fish oil present several advantages compared to the sole soybean oil LE, but little is known about the safety of essential fatty acids (EFA) profile in paediatric patients on long-term Parenteral Nutrition (PN). Aim of the study: to assess glycerophosfolipid polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels on plasma and red blood cell (RBC) membrane of children on long term PN with composite LE containing fish oil (SMOF), and to compare it with a group receiving olive oil LE (Clinoleic®) and to the reference range for age, previously determined on a group of healthy children. Results: A total of 38 patients were enrolled, median age 5.56 (0.9–21.86) years, 15 receiving Clinoleic®, 23 receiving SMOF. Patients on SMOF showed significantly higher levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), lower levels of arachidonic acid (ARA) and Mead acid (MEAD)/ARA ratio in plasma and RBC compared with patients on Clinoleic® and with healthy children. Triene:tetraene (T:T) ratio of both groups of patients did not differ from that of healthy children-median plasma (MEAD/ARA: 0.01, interquartile rage (IQR) 0.01, p = 0.61 and 0.02, IQR 0.02, p = 0.6 in SMOF and Clinoleic® patients, respectively), and was considerably lower than Holman index (>0.21). SMOF patients showed no statistically significant differences in growth parameters compared with Clinoleic® patients. Patients of both groups showed stiffness class F0-F1 of liver stiffness measure (LSM) 5.6 (IQR 0.85) in SMOF patients and 5.3 (IQR 0.90) in Clinoleic® patients, p = 0.58), indicating absence of liver fibrosis. Conclusions: Fatty acids, measured as concentrations (mg/L), revealed specific PUFA profile of PN patients and could be an accurate method to evaluate nutritional status and eventually to detect essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD). SMOF patients showed significantly higher EPA, DHA and lower ARA concentrations compared to Clinoleic® patients. Both LEs showed similar hepatic evolution and growth.

Effect of intravenous lipid emulsions enriched with γ-linolenic acid on plasma n-6 fatty acids and prostaglandin biosynthesis after burn and endotoxin injury in rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1740-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL D. KARLSTAD ◽  
STEPHEN J. DEMICHELE ◽  
WILLIAM D. LEATHEM ◽  
MYRON B. PETERSON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lipid Emulsions ◽  
Prostaglandin Biosynthesis

scholarly journals ω-3 vs. ω-6 lipid emulsions exert differential influence on neutrophils in septic shock patients: impact on plasma fatty acids and lipid mediator generation

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1472-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Mayer ◽  
Christine Fegbeutel ◽  
Katja Hattar ◽  
Ulf Sibelius ◽  
Hans-Joachim Krämer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Lipid Emulsions ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acids

The Oil of Adenanthera pavonina L. Seeds and its Emulsions

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Zarnowski ◽  
Anna Jaromin ◽  
Milan Certik ◽  
Tibor Czabany ◽  
Joël Fontaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Soybean Lecithin ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Emulsions ◽  
Adenanthera Pavonina

The oil of Adenanthera pavonina L. seeds was analysed by chromatographic and instrumental means. The oil was found to be rich in neutral lipids (86.2%), and low in polar lipids (13.8%). The neutral lipids consisted mainly of triacylglycerols (64.2%). Unsaturated fatty acids were found as high as 71%, while the percentage of saturated fatty acids was only 29%. GC and GC/MS analyses revealed linoleic, oleic and lignocerotic acid to be predominant among all fatty acids in the A. pavonina oil, whereas stigmasterol was the major steroid identified within this study. Subsequently, the oil was used for preparation of submicron oilin- water (o/w) lipid emulsions. Lipid emulsions were formulated by using soybean lecithin (SL) to investigate their particle size, Zeta potential and stability at the different oil and SL ratios. The results obtained indicate possible applications of the tested oil in pharmaceutical and medical fields as drug and cosmetic active ingredient carriers.

scholarly journals Pilot, Randomized, Double-blind Trial To Study The Effect Of Parenteral Supplementation With Fish Oil Emulsion In The Nutritional Support Of Esophagectomized Patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Suárez-Lledó ◽  
Elisabet Leiva Badosa ◽  
Josep M Llop Talaveron ◽  
Monica Fernandez Alvarez ◽  
Leandre Farran Teixidor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Lipid Emulsions ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Enteral Nutrition Support

Abstract Background Esophagectomy is a major surgical procedure with a high degree of catabolic and postsurgical inflammatory response that conditions a high morbidity and a significant mortality. Enteral administration of ω-3 fatty acids has been seen to be effective although its use is limited due to tolerance. There are few clinical trials with ω-3 fatty acids parenterally in these patients, so we propose to investigate the effect of combining a lipid emulsion rich in fish oil with the standard enteral nutrition support. Methods Prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blind study in patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer and after esophagectomy treated with a lipid emulsion rich in ω-3 fatty acid emulsion or a mixture of ω-6 long chain triglycerides (LCT) / short chain triglycerides (MCT) 50%. After surgery, these emulsions will be added to the standard nutritional support in continuous infusion until complete 5 days of treatment. Patients will be randomized 1:1:1 in Group A 0,4g/kg/day of lipid emulsion rich in fish oil; Group B 0,8g/kg/day of lipid emulsion rich in fish oil and Group C 0,8g/kg/day of LCT/MCT emulsion. The main objective is to determine whether the administration for 5 days of intravenous lipid emulsions rich in ω-3 fatty acids in patients after esophagectomy is effective in normalizing the interleukin-6 (IL6) compared with LCT/MCT emulsions, and if 0,8 g/kg/day dose is more effective than 0,4g/kg/day. Secondary outcomes include other inflammatory markers as C reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), and parameters of morbidity, safety, nutrition and mortality. Samples will be collected at the moment of surgery indication and on days 0, 1, 3, 5 and 21 to determine inflammatory, nutritional, hepatic and security parameters. In addition, clinical follow-up throughout the hospital stay and up to one year after surgery. Discussion There are few studies of fatty acids ω-3 administered via parenteral in oesophagectomized patients. This study proposes to investigate the effect of combining fish-oil lipid emulsions administered via parenteral with enteral nutrition support, implying benefits such as: fast incorporation of lipids to the cellular membranes and to the inflammatory cascade, and the use of only one pharmaconutrient.

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