The effect of summer drought on vegetation structure in the mediterranean climate region of Australia

1987 ◽  
pp. 625-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Specht
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Climate Region ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals Lucerne and other perennial legumes provide new options for rain fed livestock production in the Mediterranean-climate region of Chile

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-14
Author(s):  
Carlos Ovalle ◽  
Soledad Espinoza ◽  
Viviana Barahona ◽  
Macarena Gerding ◽  
Alan Humphries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Climate Region ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Perennial Legumes

STEM AND ROOT WOOD ANATOMY OF THE SHRUB PHLOMIS FRUTICOSA (LABIATAE)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K. Psaras ◽  
I. Sofroniou
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Deciduous Species ◽  
Winter Cold ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Diffuse Porous

Wood from the stems and roots of the malacophyllous Mediterranean drought semi-deciduous species Phlomis fruticosa was studied. The stem is diffuse-porous with narrow vessels. Though narrow vessels impose high conducting resistance, they are less vulnerable to cavitations, thus providing safety during summer drought and winter freezing. The geographical distribution of the plant (up to 1400 m altitude) may be relevant to the occurrence of narrow stem vessels, which provide high resistance to cavitations from low temperatures during winter. Vessel grouping in the stem adds to the safety against cavitations. Root vessels are mostly solitary and have almost double the diameter of stem vessels. Diffuse-porosity, the presence of narrow vessels in stems and the values of vulnerability and mesomorphy indices, are adaptations to the two stresses imposed by the Mediterranean climate, i.e. summer drought and winter cold.

Recent changes in the rain regime over the Mediterranean climate region of Israel

2021 ◽  
Vol 167 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Drori ◽  
Baruch Ziv ◽  
Hadas Saaroni ◽  
Adi Etkin ◽  
Efrat Sheffer
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Climate Region ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals Wild Miscanthus Germplasm in a Drought-Affected Area: Physiology and Agronomy Appraisals

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Danilo Scordia ◽  
Giovanni Scalici ◽  
John Clifton-Brown ◽  
Paul Robson ◽  
Cristina Patanè ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Mediterranean

Predictions of future climate scenarios indicate that yields from perennial biomass crops (PBCs) growing in the Mediterranean region are likely to decline due to prolonged drought. Among PBCs, Miscanthus grasses with C4 photosynthesis combine high yield potentials and water use efficiencies. However, the standard commercial clone M. x giganteus (Mxg), with minimal stomatal regulation, is too sensitive to drought for reliable yields in the Mediterranean regions. This paper screened a diverse panel of thirteen Miscanthus genotypes (M. sinensis, M. floridulus, M. sacchariflorus and Mxg) to identify which types could maximize yield under summer drought conditions typical in the South Mediterranean climate. In the second growing season, significant differences were observed for plant height (from 63 to 185 cm), stem number (from 12 to 208 stems plant−1), biomass yield (from 0.17 to 6.4 kg DM plant−1) and whole crop water use efficiency (from 0.11 to 7.0 g L−1). Temporal variation in net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and instantaneous water use efficiency identified different strategies adopted by genotypes, and that genotypes selected from M. floridulus and M. sinensis were better adapted to rainfed conditions and could produce six times more biomass than the Mxg. These accessions are being used as parents in experimental breeding aimed at producing future seed-based drought resilient hybrids.

The archaeology of the Italian shepherd

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Barker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Cork Oak ◽  
Holm Oak ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Different Altitudes

Stock-keeping in the Mediterranean has to be adapted to the fundamental characteristics of the Mediterranean climate (mild wet winters and hot dry summers) and to the distinct variations in soil type and plant growth at different altitudes. The natural vegetation of the coastal regions is dominated by plants that can withstand the summer drought (when temperatures average 70–80 degrees F) such as the olive, holm oak, cork oak, and macchia scrub. The lowland pastures are green and succulent from autumn to spring, when temperatures average 45–55 degrees F and rainfall is relatively abundant, but are withered and of little nutritional value in the summer. In the interior mountains of Spain, Italy, and Greece, average January temperatures are below freezing and snow covers the highest regions through the winter months, but there is extensive grazing of excellent quality from the late spring to early autumn.

scholarly journals The specificities of the climate of Danilovgrad (Montenegro)

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Buric ◽  
Milan Milenkovic ◽  
Vladan Ducic
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Climate Region ◽  
Continental Effect ◽  
The Mediterranean

Danilovgrad and the Bjelopavlica Plain belong to the submediterranean zone of the Mediterranean climate region. The aim of this paper was to determine some specific characteristics of the Danilovgrad climate, such as the degree of continentality, aridity and bioclimatic characteristics. Data used in the research cover the period 1955-2011. The results of the study showed the dominance of the continental effect on temperature, while oceanicity was less pronounced. In hygric terms, during most of the year the climate of Danilovgrad is characterized as low humid to perhumid. Moreover, in the period October-March it is very humid, which points to the domination of oceanic influences. During the three summer months, it is dry to very dry. Based on the average monthly values of the equivalent temperature - an indicator of physiological (subjective) feeling of heat, the winter months in Danilovgrad are not assessed as very cold. It is cold in January, and in February and December it is cool. It is fresh in March and November, comfortable in April and October, and warm in May and September. In Danilovgrad, in summer it is overheated and a little muggy. All considered indicators point to quite pronounced oscillations during the year, especially in terms of humidity. Comparing the obtained results with Podgorica, it can be concluded that the climate of Danilovgrad is more continental, a bit colder and wetter.

scholarly journals Effects and Economic Sustainability of Biochar Application on Corn Production in a Mediterranean Climate

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3313
Author(s):  
Juan Luis Aguirre ◽  
María Teresa Martín ◽  
Sergio González ◽  
Manuel Peinado
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mediterranean

The effects of two types of biochar on corn production in the Mediterranean climate during the growing season were analyzed. The two types of biochar were obtained from pyrolysis of Pinus pinaster. B1 was fully pyrolyzed with 55.90% organic carbon, and B2 was medium pyrolyzed with 23.50% organic carbon. B1 and B2 were supplemented in the soil of 20 plots (1 m2) at a dose of 4 kg/m2. C1 and C2 (10 plots each) served as control plots. The plots were automatically irrigated and fertilizer was not applied. The B1-supplemented plots exhibited a significant 84.58% increase in dry corn production per square meter and a 93.16% increase in corn wet weight (p << 0.001). Corn production was no different between B2-supplemented, C1, and C2 plots (p > 0.01). The weight of cobs from B1-supplemented plots was 62.3%, which was significantly higher than that of cobs from C1 and C2 plots (p < 0.01). The grain weight increased significantly by 23% in B1-supplemented plots (p < 0.01) and there were no differences between B2-supplemented, C1, and C2 plots. At the end of the treatment, the soil of the B1-supplemented plots exhibited increased levels of sulfate, nitrate, magnesium, conductivity, and saturation percentage. Based on these results, the economic sustainability of this application in agriculture was studied at a standard price of €190 per ton of biochar. Amortization of this investment can be achieved in 5.52 years according to this cost. Considering the fertilizer cost savings of 50% and the water cost savings of 25%, the amortization can be achieved in 4.15 years. If the price of biochar could be reduced through the CO2 emission market at €30 per ton of non-emitted CO2, the amortization can be achieved in 2.80 years. Biochar markedly improves corn production in the Mediterranean climate. However, the amortization time must be further reduced, and enhanced production must be guaranteed over the years with long term field trials so that the product is marketable or other high value-added crops must be identified.

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