Humic Substances Removal by Alum Coagulation — Direct Filtration at Low pH

1988 ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fettig ◽  
H. Ødegaard ◽  
B. Eikebrokk
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Direct Filtration ◽  
Alum Coagulation

Using HPSEC to identify NOM fraction removal and the correlation with disinfection by-product precursors

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euis Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Yung-Chen Chou ◽  
Hsuan-Hsien Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Alum Coagulation ◽  
Aliphatic Biopolymer

In this study high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was used to compare an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane and alum coagulation for their capacity to remove different fractions of natural organic matter (NOM) from water. At the same time, the removal of disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors, as measured by trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP), was also detected. The results show that the UF membrane mainly removed the aliphatic biopolymer fraction, while alum coagulation mainly removed the humic substances fraction. The results of DBP precursor analysis show that more THMFP was removed by the UF membrane than HAAFP, while the reverse was true for alum coagulation. It is conjectured that the aliphatic biopolymer fraction is the major precursor for trihalomethanes (THMs), while the humic substances fraction is the major precursor for haloacetic acids (HAAs).

Uptake of Neutral Metal Complexes by a Green Alga: Influence of pH and Humic Substances

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amiel Boullemant ◽  
Bernard Vigneault ◽  
Claude Fortin ◽  
Peter G. C. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Metal Complex ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Influence Of Ph ◽  
Neutral Metal

We have examined the influence of pH and a natural humic acid on the short-term uptake (<40 min) of a neutral, lipophilic metal complex by a unicellular freshwater alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Cadmium diethyldithiocarbamate ([Cd(DDC)2]0) was used as a model lipophilic metal complex and Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) was chosen as a representative aquatic humic acid (6.5 mg C L−1). Under the experimental conditions virtually all the Cd was expected to be present as the lipophilic complex ([Cd]T = 0.38 nM; [DDC] 1 μM; [Cd2+] <10−15 M; pH 7.0, 6.0, or 5.5). Uptake of [Cd(DDC)2]0 proved to be sensitive to pH changes. It was lower at pH 6.0 and 5.5 than at pH 7.0. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of reduced uptake of a lipophilic metal complex at low pH. The presence of SRHA also affected uptake, either by binding the lipophilic complex in solution and reducing its bioavailability (pH 7.0) or by increasing the permeability of the algal membrane (pH 5.5).

The double-edged sword of humic substances: contrasting their effect on respiratory stress in eastern rainbow fish exposed to low pH

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1701-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleicia Holland ◽  
Leo J. Duivenvoorden ◽  
Susan H. W. Kinnear
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Low Ph

Coagulation and direct filtration of humic substances with polyethylenimine

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold T. Glaser ◽  
James K. Edzwald
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Direct Filtration

Relationship between golgi apparatus and axonal reticulum in sympathetic ganglion cells

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 598-599
Author(s):  
J. Quatacker ◽  
W. De Potter
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglion ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Dense Core ◽  
Dense Core Vesicles ◽  
Large Dense Core Vesicles ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Axoplasmic Reticulum

Mucopolysaccharides have been demonstrated biochemically in catecholamine-containing subcellular particles in different rat, cat and ox tissues. As catecholamine-containing granules seem to arise from the Golgi apparatus and some also from the axoplasmic reticulum we examined wether carbohydrate macromolecules could be detected in the small and large dense core vesicles and in structures related to them. To this purpose superior cervical ganglia and irises from rabbit and cat and coeliac ganglia and their axons from dog were subjected to the chromaffin reaction to show the distribution of catecholamine-containing granules. Some material was also embedded in glycolmethacrylate (GMA) and stained with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) at low pH for the detection of carbohydrate macromolecules.The chromaffin reaction in the perikarya reveals mainly large dense core vesicles, but in the axon hillock, the axons and the terminals, the small dense core vesicles are more prominent. In the axons the small granules are sometimes seen inside a reticular network (fig. 1).

Mechanism of Human Plasminogen Activation by Streptokinase and Human Plasmin

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 085-093
Author(s):  
W. F Blatt ◽  
JL Gray ◽  
H Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Plasminogen Activation ◽  
Sensitive Tool ◽  
Human Plasminogen

SummaryA sensitive tool has been described for measuring fibrinolysis in reconstituted systems using thrombelastography. Activator mixtures with no appreciable proteolytic activity can similarly be tested in this system when the fibrinogen utilized has sufficient plasminogen present. Exposure of human plasminstreptokinase mixtures formed at pH 7.0 to acid conditions produced a striking loss of activator activity which could not be ascribed to low pH lability of the components, nor to plasmin action on the SK at pH 2.0. This is additional evidence for the hypothesis that human plasmin interacts with SK to form a complex capable of converting human and bovine plasminogen to plasmin.

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