The Late Glacial-Holocene Transition in Central Europe Derived from Isotope Studies of Laminated Sediments from Lake Gościąź (Poland)

1992 ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rozanski ◽  
T. Goslar ◽  
M. Dulinski ◽  
T. Kuc ◽  
M. F. Pazdur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Laminated Sediments ◽  
Isotope Studies

scholarly journals Holocene vegetation, fire and land use dynamics at Lake Svityaz, an agriculturally marginal site in northwestern Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Schwörer ◽  
Erika Gobet ◽  
Jacqueline F. N. van Leeuwen ◽  
Sarah Bögli ◽  
Rachel Imboden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Fire Dynamics

AbstractObserving natural vegetation dynamics over the entire Holocene is difficult in Central Europe, due to pervasive and increasing human disturbance since the Neolithic. One strategy to minimize this limitation is to select a study site in an area that is marginal for agricultural activity. Here, we present a new sediment record from Lake Svityaz in northwestern Ukraine. We have reconstructed regional and local vegetation and fire dynamics since the Late Glacial using pollen, spores, macrofossils and charcoal. Boreal forest composed of Pinus sylvestris and Betula with continental Larix decidua and Pinus cembra established in the region around 13,450 cal bp, replacing an open, steppic landscape. The first temperate tree to expand was Ulmus at 11,800 cal bp, followed by Quercus, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia and Corylus ca. 1,000 years later. Fire activity was highest during the Early Holocene, when summer solar insolation reached its maximum. Carpinus betulus and Fagus sylvatica established at ca. 6,000 cal bp, coinciding with the first indicators of agricultural activity in the region and a transient climatic shift to cooler and moister conditions. Human impact on the vegetation remained initially very low, only increasing during the Bronze Age, at ca. 3,400 cal bp. Large-scale forest openings and the establishment of the present-day cultural landscape occurred only during the past 500 years. The persistence of highly diverse mixed forest under absent or low anthropogenic disturbance until the Early Middle Ages corroborates the role of human impact in the impoverishment of temperate forests elsewhere in Central Europe. The preservation or reestablishment of such diverse forests may mitigate future climate change impacts, specifically by lowering fire risk under warmer and drier conditions.

scholarly journals Volcano- and climate-driven changes in atmospheric dust sources and fluxes since the Late Glacial in Central Europe

Geology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Le Roux ◽  
N. Fagel ◽  
F. De Vleeschouwer ◽  
M. Krachler ◽  
V. Debaille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Atmospheric Dust ◽  
Dust Sources

Fine laminated clastic deposits revealing the delay of the deglaciation timing in the High Tatras Mts. (Central Europe) to Early Holocene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhavamani Ramachandran ◽  
Radovan Pipík ◽  
Timea Chamutiová ◽  
Lucia Žatková ◽  
Marina Vidhya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Age Dating ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
Tatra Mts ◽  
Cosmogenic Nuclide Dating ◽  
Late Glacial And Holocene ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

<p>The Tatra moraine relief and cosmogenic nuclide dating show glacier stabilizationand the maximum glacier extent in two phases,at26 – 21 ka and at 18 ka followed by a gradual retreat and  a termination of the glaciation during the Bølling/Allerød warming at 14.64 –12.9 ka (Makos etal., 2014). A renewed glaciation within the Younger Dryas (12.9 – 11.5 ka) formed smaller rock glaciers. This retreat was connected with the formation of the morainic, trough and cirque lakes and the beginning of light-grey silt sedimentation dated from 10ka to 16ka cal BP on the northern slopes of the Tatra Mountains and before 10ka cal BP on its southern slopes (Klapyta et al., 2016).</p><p>A new paleolimnic research led to a discovery of a cyclic fine laminated deposit in the four Tatra Mts. lakes. The laminae of thickness from 1 to 3 mm are built of couplets of light-coloured coarse detrital and fine dark-coloured laminae. Thicker light coloured laminae occasionally show a gradation ending in dark-coloured laminae. Laminae consist occasionally of low spherical angular grains of sand and gravel fractions, rarely up to size 10 mm which deformed underlying laminae. Light-coloured laminae are predominantly composed of quartz, followed by K-feldspar, plagioclase, mica, and clay-like particles. Dark-coloured laminae consist of clay-size clastic particles. These laminae were formed in cold, oxygen-rich, ultra-oligotrophic, slightly acid conditions in which the chironomids Pseudodiamesa nivosa and Micropsectra radialis-type dominated. We interpret these lamination as varves related to annual glacial melting. Once the valleys were ice-free, varve production stopped and a short deposition period of homogenous silt was replaced by gyttja. The radiometric C<sup>14</sup> age dating shows the deglaciation in the Tatra Mts terminated at the beginning of the Early Holocene, around 10ka cal BP – 9ka cal BP.</p><p> </p><p>The research was funded by APVV-15-0292 and the project Centre of Excellence for Integrated Research of the Earth's Geosphere, ITMS 26220120064.</p><p> </p><p>Klapyta P., Zasadni J., Pociask-Karteczka J., Gajda A., Franczak P., 2016. Late Glacial and Holocene Paleoenvironmental records in the Tatra Mountains, East-Central Europe, based on lake, peat bog and colluvial sedimentary data: A summary review. Quaternary International 415: 126-144.</p><p> </p><p>Makos M., Dzierzek J., Nitychoruk J., Zreda M., 2014. Timing of glacier advances and climate in the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians) during the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Research 82: 1-13.</p>

scholarly journals Oxygen and Carbon Isotope Trends in a Late Glacial-Holocene Pollen Site in Wyoming, U.S.A.

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169
Author(s):  
Judith A. Gennett ◽  
Ethan L. Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen And Carbon Isotope ◽  
Tundra Vegetation ◽  
Isotope Studies ◽  
Late Glacial And Holocene

ABSTRACT Stable isotope studies of North American Late Glacial and Holocene lake sediments are few. Previous studies of pollen sites in Indiana, South Dakota, and the Great Lakes area show low δ18O values during deglaciation, rising to a Hypsithermal peak, and provide paleoenvironmental reconstructions similar to those obtained from pollen studies. Blacktail Pond, located in Douglas fir steppe in northern Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, is one of the highest elevation lakes (2018 m) yet studied with both pollen and stable isotopes. Analyses of marls yield low oxygen and carbon isotope values at the base of the core probably due to meltwater influx at 12,500 to 14,000 BP. Tundra vegetation persisted for about an additional 1,500 years following the end of meltwater input. Later, more enriched isotope values fluctuate due to the high sensitivity of Blacktail Pond to evaporation and CO2 exchange because of its shallow depth. These processes result in a covariance between δ13C and δ18O related to the residence time of water in the pond; they exert a primary control on the isotopic composition of the Holocene marl. It may be possible to filter the data for residence time effects and extract additional paleoenvironmental information based on the offsets of isotopic data from the δ13C-δ18O trend for a particular pollen zone.

Lost in dating – Problems with the absolute chronologies and sedimentation rates of Late Glacial and Early Holocene oxbow lake deposits in Central Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 187-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kołaczek ◽  
Mariusz Gałka ◽  
Karina Apolinarska ◽  
Piotr Gębica ◽  
Sławomir Superson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Oxbow Lake ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Lake Deposits

Origin and the Silurian odyssey of the Brunovistulian terrane: paleomagnetic evidence from the Brno Massif (central Europe).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Nawrocki ◽  
Jaromir Leichmann ◽  
Magdalena Pańczyk
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Time Characteristic ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
East European ◽  
Rheic Ocean ◽  
Crustal Block ◽  
Gondwana Margin ◽  
Isotope Studies ◽  
Isotope Dating

<p>The Brno Massif forms a part of larger tectonostratigraphic unit named the Brunovistulian Terrane (BVT) that is one of crustal block of Europe with the Neoproterozic basement.  However, the Neoproterozoic orogenic belt was developed in wide area i.e. along the Gondwana margin and near the present day eastern and southern edge of the East European Craton. For more than 20 years, the problem of primary setting of the BVT inside the Neoproterozic orogenic  belt have been discussed. Also the path of their drift and  time of their final accretion have been a matter of debate. To solve these problems the paleomagnetic and isotope studies of vertical intrusions cutting the BVT basement near Brno in Moravia have been undertaken. Preliminary isotope dating of granitic and basaltic intrusions points to the early Silurian age of them. Results of demagnetization of paleomagnetic samples from three localities revealed the presence of stable components with a steep inclination, at that time characteristic for the northern margin of Gondawana but not for the Baltica paleocontinent that during the Silurian was situated between the equator and 30<sup>o</sup>S. The Emsian  “old red” type deposits may indicate that final amalgamation of the BVT took place some-time between the Silurian and the Devonian. This time of joining of the BVT  to Baltica and quite high (50 – 60<sup>o</sup>S) paleolatitudes obtained from the early Silurian rocks of the Brno Massif  point to a rapid drift of the BVT across the Rheic Ocean during the Silurian.</p>

Report on the First Season's Fieldwork on British Upper Palaeolithic Cave Deposits

1959 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 260-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. M. McBurney
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Research Fund ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Cave Deposits ◽  
Environmental Background ◽  
The University

During the Easter and Summer of 1958 a programme of investigations into British Upper Palaeolithic cave deposits was initiated on behalf of the Prehistoric Society, with the aid of a grant from the Research Fund. The work was further supported by the Crowther Beynon Fund of the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology of Cambridge. Labour in the field was provided by students in the Department of Archaeology and Anthropology of the University, with notable assistance from several members of the Society in different areas.The prime objectives of the work, which is still in progress, are to define more precisely the character of the different stages in the British Upper Palaeolithic, and to study them against their chronological and environmental background. In this way it is hoped to throw light on wider problems of the relation of British finds to the rapidly emerging picture of the Late Glacial hunting communities of Central Europe and the Low Countries.

scholarly journals Possibilities for Reconstructing Radiocarbon Level Changes During the Late Glacial by Using a Laminated Sequence of Gościaż Lake

Radiocarbon ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 826-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Goslar ◽  
Tadeusz Kuc ◽  
Mieczysław F. Pazdur ◽  
Magdalena Ralska-Jasiewiczowa ◽  
Kazimierz Różański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Laminated Sediments ◽  
Independent Source ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Swiss Lake ◽  
Ams Dates

Laminated sediments of Gościaż Lake can be used as an independent source of material for calibrating the radiocarbon time scale. The varve chronology is based on three long cores from the deepest part of the lake, with one additional core from the second deepest part. From pollen and Cladocera spectra and stable isotope and chemical content sequences, we have determined the Allerød(AL)/Younger Dryas(YD) and Younger Dryas/Preboreal(PB) boundaries in the three long cores with relatively good accuracy, and have tentatively defined the AL/YD boundary in the fourth core. The Younger Dryas period contains at least 1520 varves, with 980 varves in fragments well replicated in all four cores. The duration of the Younger Dryas as recorded in sediments of Gościaż Lake corresponds well to the duration derived from 230Th/234U and 14C dates on Barbados corals, but disagrees with estimates from Soppensee, Lake Holzmaar and Swedish varves. Two AMS dates of terrestrial macrofossils from the PB and YD periods seem to fit both the data obtained for Swiss lake sediments and Barbados corals.

scholarly journals Searching Solar Periodicities in the Late Glacial Record of Atmospheric Radiocarbon

Radiocarbon ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2A) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Goslar ◽  
Nadine Tisnérat-Laborde ◽  
Martine Paterne
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Laminated Sediments ◽  
Monte Carlo Experiments ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Significance Levels ◽  
Analytical Assessment ◽  
Open Question

Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) dating of the late glacial section of laminated sediments from Lake Gościąż and Lake Perespilno, Poland, performed with time resolution of 20–30 years suggests quasi-periodic oscillations of δ14C. The regularity of oscillations has been checked by the Maximum Entropy and Fast Fourier Transform methods (MEM and FFT), which revealed peaks at 200 and 230 yr. These periods are similar to those found in the high-precision Holocene δ14C record, and attributed to the changing sun. The analytical assessment of the significance of the FFT and MEM peaks is problematic because of non-uniform spacing and various uncertainties in the input data. The significance of the peaks has therefore been studied by the Monte-Carlo method. Because the original data were approximated with a spline function, the amplitude of the MEM and FFT peaks depends on the stiffness of the spline, which is strongly related to the “real” uncertainty of 14C ages. The Monte-Carlo experiments demonstrate that the significance levels of the MEM and FFT peaks also depend on the spline stiffness. Therefore, the existence of solar 14C variations in the Late Glacial remains an open question.

scholarly journals Did thermophilous trees spread into central Europe during the Late Glacial?

2016 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Giesecke
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Late Glacial
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