Variational Methods

Author(s):  
Michael Struwe
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Shaya Shakerian

In this paper, we study the existence and multiplicity of solutions for the following fractional problem involving the Hardy potential and concave–convex nonlinearities: [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a smooth bounded domain in [Formula: see text] containing [Formula: see text] in its interior, and [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] which may change sign in [Formula: see text]. We use the variational methods and the Nehari manifold decomposition to prove that this problem has at least two positive solutions for [Formula: see text] sufficiently small. The variational approach requires that [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], the latter being the best fractional Hardy constant on [Formula: see text].


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Pinheiro Cinelli ◽  
Matheus Araújo Marins ◽  
Eduardo Antônio Barros da Silva ◽  
Sérgio Lima Netto

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 732-774
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Yang ◽  
Fukun Zhao

Abstract In this paper, we study the singularly perturbed fractional Choquard equation $$\begin{equation*}\varepsilon^{2s}(-{\it\Delta})^su+V(x)u=\varepsilon^{\mu-3}(\int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^3}\frac{|u(y)|^{2^*_{\mu,s}}+F(u(y))}{|x-y|^\mu}dy)(|u|^{2^*_{\mu,s}-2}u+\frac{1}{2^*_{\mu,s}}f(u)) \, \text{in}\, \mathbb{R}^3, \end{equation*}$$ where ε > 0 is a small parameter, (−△)s denotes the fractional Laplacian of order s ∈ (0, 1), 0 < μ < 3, $2_{\mu ,s}^{\star }=\frac{6-\mu }{3-2s}$is the critical exponent in the sense of Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality and fractional Laplace operator. F is the primitive of f which is a continuous subcritical term. Under a local condition imposed on the potential V, we investigate the relation between the number of positive solutions and the topology of the set where the potential attains its minimum values. In the proofs we apply variational methods, penalization techniques and Ljusternik-Schnirelmann theory.


1988 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 3202-3216 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Schwenke ◽  
Kenneth Haug ◽  
Meishan Zhao ◽  
Donald G. Truhlar ◽  
Yan Sun ◽  
...  

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1422
Author(s):  
Antonio Masiello

In this paper we present a survey of Fermat metrics and their applications to stationary spacetimes. A Fermat principle for light rays is stated in this class of spacetimes and we present a variational theory for the light rays and a description of the multiple image effect. Some results on variational methods, as Ljusternik-Schnirelmann and Morse Theory are recalled, to give a description of the variational methods used. Other applications of the Fermat metrics concern the global hyperbolicity and the geodesic connectedeness and a characterization of the Sagnac effect in a stationary spacetime. Finally some possible applications to other class of spacetimes are considered.


2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-93
Author(s):  
Yansheng Shen

Abstract In this article, we first study the existence of nontrivial solutions to the nonlocal elliptic problems in ℝ N {\mathbb{R}^{N}} involving fractional Laplacians and the Hardy–Sobolev–Maz’ya potential. Using variational methods, we investigate the attainability of the corresponding minimization problem, and then obtain the existence of solutions. We also consider another Choquard type equation involving the p-Laplacian and critical nonlinearities in ℝ N {\mathbb{R}^{N}} .


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