Laboratory experiments on large-scale geophysical flows

2016 ◽  
pp. 61-94
Author(s):  
Miklós Vincze ◽  
Imre M. Jánosi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Geophysical Flows

Simulating zonation in geophysical flows by laboratory experiments

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 086602 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Di Nitto ◽  
S. Espa ◽  
A. Cenedese
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Geophysical Flows

scholarly journals Large-Scale Laboratory Experiments on Mussel Dropper Lines in Ocean Surface Waves

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Rebekka Gieschen ◽  
Christian Schwartpaul ◽  
Jannis Landmann ◽  
Lukas Fröhling ◽  
Arndt Hildebrandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Large Wave ◽  
Marine Aquaculture ◽  
Ocean Surface Waves ◽  
Wave Flume ◽  
Waves And Currents

The rapid growth of marine aquaculture around the world accentuates issues of sustainability and environmental impacts of large-scale farming systems. One potential mitigation strategy is to relocate to more energetic offshore locations. However, research regarding the forces which waves and currents impose on aquaculture structures in such conditions is still scarce. The present study aimed at extending the knowledge related to live blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), cultivated on dropper lines, by unique, large-scale laboratory experiments in the Large Wave Flume of the Coastal Research Center in Hannover, Germany. Nine-months-old live dropper lines and a surrogate of 2.0 m length each are exposed to regular waves with wave heights between 0.2 and 1.0 m and periods between 1.5 and 8.0 s. Force time histories are recorded to investigate the inertia and drag characteristics of live mussel and surrogate dropper lines. The surrogate dropper line was developed from 3D scans of blue mussel dropper lines, using the surface descriptor Abbott–Firestone Curve as quality parameter. Pull-off tests of individual mussels are conducted that reveal maximum attachment strength ranges of 0.48 to 10.55 N for mussels that had medium 3.04 cm length, 1.60 cm height and 1.25 cm width. Mean drag coefficients of CD = 3.9 were found for live blue mussel lines and CD = 3.4 for the surrogate model, for conditions of Keulegan–Carpenter number (KC) 10 to 380, using regular wave tests.

scholarly journals When and Why Do Third Parties Punish Outside of the Lab? A Cross-Cultural Recall Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 846-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Pedersen ◽  
William H. B. McAuliffe ◽  
Yashna Shah ◽  
Hiroki Tanaka ◽  
Yohsuke Ohtsubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Three Samples

Punishment can reform uncooperative behavior and hence could have contributed to humans’ ability to live in large-scale societies. Punishment by unaffected third parties has received extensive scientific scrutiny because third parties punish transgressors in laboratory experiments on behalf of strangers that they will never interact with again. Often overlooked in this research are interactions involving people who are not strangers, which constitute many interactions beyond the laboratory. Across three samples in two countries (United States and Japan; N = 1,294), we found that third parties’ anger at transgressors, and their intervention and punishment on behalf of victims, varied in real-life conflicts as a function of how much third parties valued the welfare of the disputants. Punishment was rare (1–2%) when third parties did not value the welfare of the victim, suggesting that previous economic game results have overestimated third parties’ willingness to punish transgressors on behalf of strangers.

Turbulent entrainment: the development of the entrainment assumption, and its application to geophysical flows

1986 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 431-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Geophysical Flows ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Background Theory ◽  
Turbulent Entrainment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Buoyancy Forces ◽  
Local Mean

The entrainment assumption, relating the inflow velocity to the local mean velocity of a turbulent flow, has been used successfully to describe natural phenomena over a wide range of scales. Its first application was to plumes rising in stably stratified surroundings, and it has been extended to inclined plumes (gravity currents) and related problems by adding the effect of buoyancy forces, which inhibit mixing across a density interface. More recently, the influence of viscosity differences between a turbulent flow and its surroundings has been studied. This paper surveys the background theory and the laboratory experiments that have been used to understand and quantify each of these phenomena, and discusses their applications in the atmosphere, the ocean and various geological contexts.

The Smartphone as a Pacifying Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiri Melumad ◽  
Michel Tuan Pham
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Personal Nature ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Actual Stress

Abstract In light of consumers’ growing dependence on their smartphones, this article investigates the nature of the relationship that consumers form with their smartphone and its underlying mechanisms. We propose that in addition to obvious functional benefits, consumers in fact derive emotional benefits from their smartphone—in particular, feelings of psychological comfort and, if needed, actual stress relief. In other words, in a sense, smartphones are not unlike adult pacifiers. This psychological comfort arises from a unique combination of properties that turn smartphones into a reassuring presence for their owners: the portability of the device, its personal nature, the subjective sense of privacy experienced while on the device, and the haptic gratification it affords. Results from one large-scale field study and three laboratory experiments support the proposed underlying mechanisms and document downstream consequences of the psychological comfort that smartphones provide. The findings show, for example, that (a) in moments of stress, consumers exhibit a greater tendency to seek out their smartphone (study 2); and (b) engaging with one’s smartphone provides greater stress relief than engaging in the same activity with a comparable device such as one’s laptop (study 3) or a similar smartphone belonging to someone else (study 4).

scholarly journals Announcements of Support and Public Good Provision

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (12) ◽  
pp. 3760-3787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judd B. Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Public Good Provision ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Good Provision

Providing information about contributions to public goods is known to generate further contributions. However, it is often impossible to provide verifiable information on contributions. Through a large-scale field experiment and a series of laboratory experiments, I show that nonbinding announcements of support for a public good encourage others to contribute, even when actual contributions might not or cannot be made. Providing a way to easily announce support for a charity increases donations by $865 per workplace fundraising campaign (or 16 percent of average giving). I discuss implications for understanding prosocial behavior and for organizations aiming to increase contributions to public goods. (JEL C93, D64, D83, H41, L31)

Mixing and entrainment in developing stratified currents

2000 ◽  
Vol 424 ◽  
pp. 45-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. PAWLAK ◽  
L. ARMI
Keyword(s):  
Shear Layer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Initial Region ◽  
Stratified Currents ◽  
Shear Interface ◽  
Low Shear

The spatially developing region of a steady downslope current in transition from a hydraulically controlled, arrested wedge flow is examined through a set of laboratory experiments. The mixing and entrainment mechanisms at the shear interface are explored with the use of imaging techniques. The initial, unstable accelerating region, characterized by rapid development, low shear layer Richardson numbers and high entrainment rates, is limited by the effects of stratification which suppress the large-scale overturning. A subsequent high Richardson number region is characterized by weak entrainment and the collapse of turbulence from the initial region. The flow approaches a quasi-stable state as the mixed layer draws energy from the accelerating density current. Observed large-scale structure is attributed to an instability of the marginally unstable shear layer. Entrainment rates are calculated within each region for the various slopes considered and estimates for the extent of the transition regions are obtained.

scholarly journals Using data assimilation in laboratory experiments of geophysical flows

2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 532-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Galmiche ◽  
J. Sommeria ◽  
P. Brasseur ◽  
J. Verron
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Geophysical Flows ◽  
Using Data
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document