Cancer and Blood Coagulation

SummaryThrombotic disorders are the most common cause of death in the United States. About two million individuals die each year from an arterial or venous thrombosis or related disorders. About 80% to 90% of all cases of thrombosis can now be defined with respect to cause. Of these, over 50% occur in patients who harbor a congenital or acquired blood coagulation protein or platelet defect which caused the thrombotic event. It is obviously of major importance to define those individuals harboring such a defect as this allows: 1) appropriate antithrombotic therapy to decrease risks of recurrence; 2) determination of the length of time the patient must remain on therapy for secondary prevention; and 3) allow for testing of family members of those harboring a blood coagulation protein or platelet defect which is hereditary (about 50% of all coagulation and platelet defects mentioned above). Aside from mortality, significant additional morbidity occurs from both arterial or venous thrombotic events, including, but not limited to paralysis (non-fatal thrombotic stroke), cardiac disability (repeated coronary events), loss of vision (retinal vascular thrombosis), fetal waste syndrome (placental vascular thrombosis), stasis ulcers and other manifestations of post-phlebitic syndrome, etc.

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Self-Damping Mechanism in Blood Coagulation

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1647672 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 (01) ◽

pp. 057-064 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Y Nemerson ◽

S.A Silverberg ◽

J Jesty

Keyword(s):

Tissue Factor ◽

Blood Coagulation ◽

Calcium Ions ◽

Control Mechanism ◽

Factor Vii ◽

Damping Factor ◽

Factor V ◽

Factor X ◽

Extrinsic Pathway ◽

Two Systems

SummaryTwo reactions of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation, the activations of Factor X and prothrombin, have been studied in purified systems and shown to be self-damping. Factor X was activated by the tissue factor - Factor VII complex, and prothrombin by two systems: the coagulant protein of Taipan venom, and the physiological complex of activated Factor X, Factor V, lipid, and calcium ions. In each case the yield of enzyme, activated Factor X or thrombin, is a function of the concentration of activator. These and other observations are considered as a basis for a control mechanism in coagulation.

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Reticuloendothelial Function and Blood Coagulation in Rats

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1651387 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 22 (03) ◽

pp. 508-512

Author(s):

L Pechet ◽

Giselle S. Pechet ◽

R. A MacDonald

Keyword(s):

Blood Coagulation ◽

Free Carbon ◽

Colloidal Iron ◽

Intravascular Coagulation ◽

India Ink ◽

Carbon Clearance

SummaryIntravascular coagulation and its possible effect on carbon clearance was studied in rats following the injection of commercial india ink containing shellac; a shellac-free carbon preparation; gelatin; heat denatured albumin; colloidal iron; and heparin. No relationship was found between activation of coagulation and RES function as measured by clearance of intravenously injected carbon.

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A Re-Appraisal of the Role of Blood Coagulation and Platelets in the Generalized Shwartzman Phenomenon

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1649455 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 15 (03/04) ◽

pp. 519-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J Levin ◽

E Beck

Keyword(s):

Blood Coagulation ◽

The State ◽

Coagulation System ◽

Renal Lesions ◽

Intravascular Coagulation ◽

Renal Glomeruli ◽

Coagulation Mechanism ◽

Shwartzman Phenomenon ◽

Do So

SummaryThe role of intravascular coagulation in the production of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon has been evaluated. The administration of endotoxin to animals prepared with Thorotrast results in activation of the coagulation mechanism with the resultant deposition of fibrinoid material in the renal glomeruli. Anticoagulation prevents alterations in the state of the coagulation system and inhibits development of the renal lesions. Platelets are not primarily involved. Platelet antiserum produces similar lesions in animals prepared with Thorotrast, but appears to do so in a manner which does not significantly involve intravascular coagulation.The production of adrenal cortical hemorrhage, comparable to that seen in the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, following the administration of endotoxin to animals that had previously received ACTH does not require intravascular coagulation and may not be a manifestation of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon.

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The Natural Course of Defibrination Syndrome Caused by Echis Colorata Venom in Man

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1649181 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 31 (03) ◽

pp. 420-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M Fainaru ◽

S Eisenberg ◽

N Manny ◽

C Hershko

Keyword(s):

Factor Viii ◽

Blood Coagulation ◽

Major Bleeding ◽

Renal Damage ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Natural Course ◽

Factor V ◽

Thrombocyte Count

SummaryThe natural course of defibrination syndrome caused by Echis colorata venom (ECV) in five patients is reported. All patients developed afibrinogenemia within six hours after the bite. Concomitantly a depression in factor V was recorded. Factor VIII and thrombocyte count in blood were normal in most patients. In the light of the known effects of ECV on blood coagulation in vivo and in vitro it is concluded that the afibrinogenemia is due to intravascular clotting.Four patients had transient renal damage, manifested by oliguria, azotemia, albuminuria and cylindruria, ascribed to microthrombi in the renal glomeruli.After the bite, the natural course was benign, no major bleeding was observed, and all signs of coagulopathy reverted to normal within 7 days. Therefore we recommend no specific treatment for this condition. In the case of heavily bleeding patients, administration of antiserum against ECV and/or heparin should be considered.

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Natural Oestrogen in the Female Climacteric - Influence on Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1648686 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 40 (02) ◽

pp. 532-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anders Lagrelius ◽

Nils-Olov Lunell ◽

Margareta Blombäck

Keyword(s):

Blood Coagulation ◽

Antithrombin Iii ◽

Coagulation Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Coagulation Factors ◽

Excessive Bleeding ◽

Oestrone Sulphate ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

History Of ◽

Coagulation And Fibrinolysis

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis of a natural oestrogen preparation, piperazine oestrone sulphate, prospectively in menopausal women. Scopolamine was given to the control group.The women were investigated before and during treatment with regard to factors VIII, VII, X, V, fibrinopeptide A, antithrombin III, plasminogen, rapid antiplasmin and α1-antitrypsin. There was no significant change towards hypercoagulability or decreased fibrinolysis in any group. In the oestrogen group, however, a tendency towards an increased level of plasminogen and a decreased level of antiplasmin was demonstrated. In the scopolamine group there was an unexpected fall in factors X and V and also in plasminogen and α1,-antitrypsin. A low level of some blood coagulation factors in some of the women before treatment is somewhat astonishing; none of them had any history of excessive bleeding.

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