A Re-Appraisal of the Role of Blood Coagulation and Platelets in the Generalized Shwartzman Phenomenon

1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 519-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Levin ◽  
E Beck
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Renal Glomeruli ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Shwartzman Phenomenon ◽  
Do So

SummaryThe role of intravascular coagulation in the production of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon has been evaluated. The administration of endotoxin to animals prepared with Thorotrast results in activation of the coagulation mechanism with the resultant deposition of fibrinoid material in the renal glomeruli. Anticoagulation prevents alterations in the state of the coagulation system and inhibits development of the renal lesions. Platelets are not primarily involved. Platelet antiserum produces similar lesions in animals prepared with Thorotrast, but appears to do so in a manner which does not significantly involve intravascular coagulation.The production of adrenal cortical hemorrhage, comparable to that seen in the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, following the administration of endotoxin to animals that had previously received ACTH does not require intravascular coagulation and may not be a manifestation of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Teo Ballvé
Keyword(s):  
Political Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Relations Of Power ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
Do So

This introductory chapter briefly explores the ways in which imaginaries of statelessness have structured the political life of Urabá, Colombia. It argues that Colombia's violent conflicts have produced surprisingly coherent and resilient regimes of accumulation and rule—yet this is not to say they are benevolent. In order to do so, this chapter approaches the state as a dynamic ensemble of relations that is both an effect and an instrument of competing political strategies and relations of power. In Urabá, groups from across the political spectrum, armed and otherwise, all end up trying to give concrete coherence to the inherently unwieldy abstraction of the state in a space where it supposedly does not exist. The way this absence exerts a generative political influence is what this chapter establishes as the “frontier effect.” The frontier effect describes how the imaginary of statelessness in these spaces compels all kinds of actors to get into the business of state formation; it thrusts groups into the role of would-be state builders.

Effects of Plasma Kallikrein Specific Inhibitor and Active-site Blocked Factor VIIa on the Pulmonary Vascular Injury Induced by Endotoxin in Rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (04) ◽  
pp. 1209-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Uchiba ◽  
Kenji Okajima ◽  
Kazunori Murakami ◽  
Hiroaki Okabe ◽  
Shosuke Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Factor Viia ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Plasma Kallikrein ◽  
Extrinsic Pathway ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation

SummaryThe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious complication of sepsis. To evaluate the role of the coagulation system in the pathogenesis of ARDS in sepsis, we examined the effects of the administration of a synthetic plasma kallikrein specific inhibitor (PKSI) and of active-site blocked factor VIIa (DEGR-VIIa) on the pulmonary vascular injury induced by E. coli endotoxin (ET) in rats. Administration of PKSI prevented the pulmonary vascular injury induced by ET as well as pulmonary histological changes in animals administered ET, but it did not affect the intravascular coagulation. The opposite effect was seen with DEGR-VIIa, which prevented the intravascular coagulation but not the pulmonary vascular injury. PKSI did not inhibit the activation of the complement system induced by ET leading to the activation of neutrophils.Findings suggest that PKSI may prevent the pulmonary vascular injury induced by ET by inhibiting kallikrein, which activates the neutrophils. The intrinsic pathway of coagulation may be more important than the extrinsic pathway in the pulmonary vascular injury produced byET.

Varieties of Compressed Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-138
Author(s):  
D. Hugh Whittaker ◽  
Timothy J. Sturgeon ◽  
Toshie Okita ◽  
Tianbiao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
The State ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Large Market ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Do So

Chapter 5 explores the ways in which less-developed countries experience the era-related effects of compressed development and try to cope with them. Chapter 4 compared late-developer Japan and compressed-developer China, but countries with poor or mixed records of economic development also face the opportunities and constraints of compression, and must do so with institutions, policies, and industries which emerged under prior conditions. Large-market less-developed countries such as Brazil, India, and even China face the era effects of compression, with legacies that are often poorly suited and sometimes antithetical to the demands of global value chains and technology ecosystems. Discontinuities and differences across sectors further complicate the role of the state in the era of compressed development.

scholarly journals A Kantian Account of Emotions as Feelings1

Mind ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (514) ◽  
pp. 429-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alix Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Moral Agency ◽  
Mental States ◽  
The State ◽  
Systematic Treatment ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Distinct Role ◽  
Do So

Abstract The aim of this paper is to extract from Kant's writings an account of the nature of the emotions and their function – and to do so despite the fact that Kant neither uses the term ‘emotion’ nor offers a systematic treatment of it. Kant's position, as I interpret it, challenges the contemporary trends that define emotions in terms of other mental states and defines them instead first and foremost as ‘feelings’. Although Kant's views on the nature of feelings have drawn surprisingly little attention, I argue that the faculty of feeling has the distinct role of making us aware of the way our faculties relate to each other and to the world. As I show, feelings are affective appraisals of our activity, and as such they play an indispensable orientational function in the Kantian mind. After spelling out Kant's distinction between feeling and desire (§2), I turn to the distinction between feeling and cognition (§3) and show that while feelings are non-cognitive states, they have a form of derived-intentionality. §4 argues that what feelings are about, in this derived sense, is our relationship to ourselves and the world: they function as affective appraisals of the state of our agency. §5 shows that this function is necessary to the activity of the mind insofar as it is orientational. Finally, §6 discusses the examples of epistemic pleasure and moral contentment and argues that they manifest the conditions of cognitive and moral agency respectively.

The Pursuit of Social Welfare

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Kruks-Wisner
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The State ◽  
Citizen Action ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Do So

Who makes claims on the state for social welfare, and how and why do they do so? This article examines these dynamics in the rural Indian context, observing that citizens living in the same local communities differ dramatically in their approaches to the state. The author develops a theory to explain these varied patterns of action and inaction, arguing that citizen claim-making is best understood as a product of exposure to people and places beyond the immediate community and locality. This social and spatial exposure builds citizens’ encounters with, knowledge of, and linkages to the state. This in turn develops their aspirations toward the state and their capabilities for state-targeted action. The author tests the theory in rural Rajasthan, drawing on a combination of original survey data and qualitative interviews. She finds that those who traverse boundaries of caste, neighborhood, and village are more likely to make claims on the state, and that they do so through broader repertoires of action than those who are more constrained by the same boundaries. The article concludes by considering the extensions and limitations of the theory and the role of the state itself in establishing the terrain for citizen action.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional changes in the liver and the state of the rat blood coagulation system in development of reperfusion syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatolii Arkadevich Pisarev ◽  
Lyudmila Vasilievna Anisimova ◽  
Irina Ivanovna Fomochkina ◽  
Anatoly Vladimirovich Kubyshkin ◽  
Dmitry Sergeevich Kuzichkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Rat Blood ◽  
Blood Coagulation System

scholarly journals Blood coagulation in the 21st century: existing knowledge, current strategies for treatment and perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-157
Author(s):  
N. A. Podoplelova ◽  
V. B. Sulimov ◽  
I. S. Ilin ◽  
A. S. Tashilova ◽  
M. A. Panteleev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Blood Coagulation Factors ◽  
Clotting System ◽  
Normal Hemostasis

Disorders in the blood coagulation system are the leading cause of death and disability in the modern world. So the search for new drugs that can prevent pathological thrombosis, while not affecting normal hemostasis, becomes more relevant than ever. Recent studies has been a revolution in the understanding of the principles of work and the regulation of blood coagulation. In addition, new, more effective approaches to drug development have now appeared. For example computer simulation methods that can significantly reduce the time and resources spent on the search for new candidate molecules. In the review, the blood clotting system, the molekular mechanisms of thrombosis, the role of blood coagulation factors Xa and XIa, and the urgency of developing new inhibitors of these targets are shown, and the most interesting inhibitors of factors Xa and XIa are presented.

TAXATION, THE STATE, AND THE COMMUNITY

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-234
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Schoenblum
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

The paper is concerned with the relationship of taxation to conceptions of the state and the community. The paper contends that public finance theorists have focused little attention on what, precisely, the state is and the role of subnational and supranational communities, even though understanding the state and these communities is essential for grasping how tax revenues are really distributed. The failure of public finance to do so is explainable by the powerful faith in the expertise of theorists and bureaucrats and abstract models for social welfare, whether or not they work or would be agreed upon and implemented via the political process.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document