The Efficacy of the Ultrasonographic Screening Test for Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Risk Factors of HCC in Korea

2000 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Hyub Han ◽  
Jeong Il Jeong ◽  
Sang Hoon Ahn ◽  
Dong Kee Kim ◽  
Chae Yoon Chon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Screening Test

Analysis of the Frequency and Risk Factors Associated with Failure in Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Surveillance Program in Patients with Cirrhosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. S319
Author(s):  
A. Mancebo ◽  
M.L. González-Diéguez ◽  
V. Cadahía ◽  
C.A. Navascués ◽  
A. Castaño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Factors Associated

Prevention and Early Detection of Congenital Heart Defects. Where do we stand.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Andreas Petropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Prevention And Early Detection

Introduction: Since the origin of Medicine in 4th BC. Century research has taught us that learning and practicing preventive medicine is properly the best method to prevent disease from happening in the first place. Preventive health care must be planned and executed ahead of time, even when illness/ disease, is absent, especially for those that are common and fаtal. Among neonates and infants, congenital heart disease (CHD) is responsible for the largest proportion of mortality caused by birth defects. Actual numbers of patients and mortality resulting from CHD reportedly is increasing. In the developed world the treatment of CHD has escalating costs for health care systems and private covered patients, while in low-income countries it is not always available. Prevention is urgently needed to tackle the increasing needs. Aim: To present the current practice in preventing/early detecting CHD and justify why pulse oximetry is the best available, early detecting postnatal screening test we currently have. Methods: The existing in use preventing/early detecting methods for avoiding or early diagnosing CHD are: 1. Eliminate the maternal risk factors by obtaining a good level of health and medical surveillance during pregnancy. 2. Avoiding teratogenic agents, 3. Detecting risk factors from Family History, 4. Delivering a balanced Nutrition during Pregnancy 5. Obtaining at least an experienced 4-chamber view and outflow tracts imaging during the 20-weeks anomaly scan. 6. Fetal Echocardiography when indicated 7. Postnatal evaluation by experienced Pediatricians. 8. Pulse Oximetry, screening test after 72 hours post-delivery in term babies. 9. Hyperoxia test when indicated. Conclusion: Although CHD’s are the most common, high morbidity and mortality, congenital malformations, we still lack a single, easy to apply, non-invasive and low-cost screening test, for early detection. The current preventive methods must be combined to counterbalance the CHD prevalence. Meanwhile, they are costly and partially accessible. The most advantageous method for minimizing CHD deaths worldwide seems to be currently, pulse oximetry combined with clinical assessment. Original publication: Petropoulos AC. Prevention and Early Detection of Congenital Heart Defects. Where do we Stand. J Cardiol 2018, 2(1): 000111.

Prevention and Early Detection of Congenital Heart Defects. Where do we stand.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Andreas Petropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Prevention And Early Detection

Introduction: Since the origin of Medicine in 4th BC. Century research has taught us that learning and practicing preventive medicine is properly the best method to prevent disease from happening in the first place. Preventive health care must be planned and executed ahead of time, even when illness/ disease, is absent, especially for those that are common and fаtal. Among neonates and infants, congenital heart disease (CHD) is responsible for the largest proportion of mortality caused by birth defects. Actual numbers of patients and mortality resulting from CHD reportedly is increasing. In the developed world the treatment of CHD has escalating costs for health care systems and private covered patients, while in low-income countries it is not always available. Prevention is urgently needed to tackle the increasing needs. Aim: To present the current practice in preventing/early detecting CHD and justify why pulse oximetry is the best available, early detecting postnatal screening test we currently have. Methods: The existing in use preventing/early detecting methods for avoiding or early diagnosing CHD are: 1. Eliminate the maternal risk factors by obtaining a good level of health and medical surveillance during pregnancy. 2. Avoiding teratogenic agents, 3. Detecting risk factors from Family History, 4. Delivering a balanced Nutrition during Pregnancy 5. Obtaining at least an experienced 4-chamber view and outflow tracts imaging during the 20-weeks anomaly scan. 6. Fetal Echocardiography when indicated 7. Postnatal evaluation by experienced Pediatricians. 8. Pulse Oximetry, screening test after 72 hours post-delivery in term babies. 9. Hyperoxia test when indicated. Conclusion: Although CHD’s are the most common, high morbidity and mortality, congenital malformations, we still lack a single, easy to apply, non-invasive and low-cost screening test, for early detection. The current preventive methods must be combined to counterbalance the CHD prevalence. Meanwhile, they are costly and partially accessible. The most advantageous method for minimizing CHD deaths worldwide seems to be currently, pulse oximetry combined with clinical assessment. Original publication: Petropoulos AC. Prevention and Early Detection of Congenital Heart Defects. Where do we Stand. J Cardiol 2018, 2(1): 000111.

Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Requires a Combined Surveillance Protocol in High-Risk Individuals

Endoscopy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Qasim ◽  
T Tajjudin ◽  
B Zaman ◽  
D Maguire ◽  
J Geoghegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Surveillance Protocol

Risk Factors for Hepatic Encephalopathy after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Portal Hypertension

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiannan Yao ◽  
Li Zuo ◽  
Guangyu An ◽  
Zhendong Yue ◽  
Hongwei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Portosystemic Shunt ◽  
Portal Flow ◽  
Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt

Aims: This study aimed at assessing the risk factors for hepatic encephalopathy (HE) after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal hypertension. Method: Consecutive patients (n=279) with primary HCC who underwent TIPS between January 1997 and March 2012 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were followed up for 2 years. Pre-TIPS, peri-TIPS and post-TIPS clinical variables were reviewed using univariate and multivariate analyses to identify risk factors for HE after TIPS. Results: The overall incidence of HE was 41% (114/279). Multivariate analysis showed an increased odds for HE in patients with: >3 treatments with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and/or trans-arterial embolization (TAE) (odds ratio [OR], 4.078; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.748-9.515); hepatopetal portal flow (OR, 2.362; 95%CI, 1.032-5.404); high portosystemic pressure gradient (OR, 1.198; 95%CI, 1.073-1.336) and high pre-TIPS MELD score (OR, 1.693; 95%CI, 1.390-2.062). Odds for HE were increased 1.693 fold for each 1-point increase in the MELD score, and 1.198 fold for each 1-mmHg decrease in the post-TIPS portosystemic pressure gradient. Conclusion: The identification of clinical variables associated with increased odds of HE may be useful for the selection of appropriate candidates for TIPS. Results suggest that an inappropriate decrease in the portosystemic pressure gradient might be associated with HE after TIPS. In addition, >3 treatments with TACE/TAE, hepatopetal portal flow, and high MELD score were also associated with increased odds of HE after TIPS. Key words:  –  –  – .

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