Drosophila Germline Stem Cells

2011 ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Yalan Xing ◽  
Willis X. Li
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Germline Stem Cells

Centromere assembly and non-random sister chromatid segregation in stem cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben L. Carty ◽  
Elaine M. Dunleavy
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Centromere Protein A ◽  
Oocyte Meiosis

Abstract Asymmetric cell division (ACD) produces daughter cells with separate distinct cell fates and is critical for the development and regulation of multicellular organisms. Epigenetic mechanisms are key players in cell fate determination. Centromeres, epigenetically specified loci defined by the presence of the histone H3-variant, centromere protein A (CENP-A), are essential for chromosome segregation at cell division. ACDs in stem cells and in oocyte meiosis have been proposed to be reliant on centromere integrity for the regulation of the non-random segregation of chromosomes. It has recently been shown that CENP-A is asymmetrically distributed between the centromeres of sister chromatids in male and female Drosophila germline stem cells (GSCs), with more CENP-A on sister chromatids to be segregated to the GSC. This imbalance in centromere strength correlates with the temporal and asymmetric assembly of the mitotic spindle and potentially orientates the cell to allow for biased sister chromatid retention in stem cells. In this essay, we discuss the recent evidence for asymmetric sister centromeres in stem cells. Thereafter, we discuss mechanistic avenues to establish this sister centromere asymmetry and how it ultimately might influence cell fate.

scholarly journals YAP/Yorkie in the germline modulates the age-related decline of germline stem cells and niche cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0213327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepthy Francis ◽  
Bhavna Chanana ◽  
Beatriz Fernandez ◽  
Benjamin Gordon ◽  
Tiffany Mak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Age Related

Functions of promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger (Plzf) in male germline stem cell development and differentiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daguia Zambe John Clotaire ◽  
Yudong Wei ◽  
Xiuwei Yu ◽  
Tamgue Ousman ◽  
Jinlian Hua
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukaemia ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Male Germline ◽  
Finger Protein

Promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger (Plzf), also known as zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16 (ZBTB16) or zinc-finger protein 145 (ZFP145), is a critical zinc finger protein of male germline stem cells (mGSCs). Multiple lines of evidence indicate that Plzf has a central role in the development, differentiation and maintenance of many stem cells, including mGSCs, and Plzf has been validated as an essential transcription factor for mammalian testis development and spermatogenesis. This review summarises current literature focusing on the significance of Plzf in maintaining and regulating self-renewal and differentiation of mGSCs, especially goat mGSCs. The review summarises evidence of the specificity of Plzf expression in germ cell development stage, the known functions of Plzf and the microRNA-mediated mechanisms that control Plzf expression in mGSCs.

How Can Female Germline Stem Cells Contribute to the Physiological Neo-Oogenesis in Mammals and Why Menopause Occurs?

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonin Bukovsky
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Ovarian Stem Cells ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Female Germline ◽  
Prevailing View

AbstractAt the beginning of the last century, reproductive biologists have discussed whether in mammalian species the fetal oocytes persist or are replaced by neo-oogenesis during adulthood. Currently the prevailing view is that neo-oogenesis is functional in lower vertebrates but not in mammalian species. However, contrary to the evolutionary rules, this suggests that females of lower vertebrates have a better opportunity to provide healthy offspring compared to mammals with oocytes subjected to environmental threats for up to several decades. During the last 15 years, a new effort has been made to determine whether the oocyte pool in adult mammals is renewed as well. Most recently, Ji Wu and colleagues reported a production of offspring from female germline stem cells derived from neonatal and adult mouse ovaries. This indicates that both neonatal and adult mouse ovaries carry stem cells capable of producing functional oocytes. However, it is unclear whether neo-oogenesis from ovarian somatic stem cells is physiologically involved in follicular renewal and why menopause occurs. Here we review observations that indicate an involvement of immunoregulation in physiological neo-oogenesis and follicular renewal from ovarian stem cells during the prime reproductive period and propose why menopause occurs in spite of persisting ovarian stem cells.

scholarly journals GSK3 inhibitor-BIO regulates proliferation of female germline stem cells from the postnatal mouse ovary

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hu ◽  
Y. Bai ◽  
Z. Chu ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Mouse Ovary ◽  
Female Germline ◽  
Gsk3 Inhibitor
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