Adaptation in perennial coastal plants — with particular reference to heritable variation in Puccinellia maritima and Ammophila arenaria

1985 ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Coastal Plants

scholarly journals Sept8/SEPTIN8 involvement in cellular structure and kidney damage is identified by genetic mapping and a novel human tubule hypoxic model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Keele ◽  
Jeremy W. Prokop ◽  
Hong He ◽  
Katie Holl ◽  
John Littrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Injury ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Mixed Effect

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD), which can ultimately progress to kidney failure, is influenced by genetics and the environment. Genes identified in human genome wide association studies (GWAS) explain only a small proportion of the heritable variation and lack functional validation, indicating the need for additional model systems. Outbred heterogeneous stock (HS) rats have been used for genetic fine-mapping of complex traits, but have not previously been used for CKD traits. We performed GWAS for urinary protein excretion (UPE) and CKD related serum biochemistries in 245 male HS rats. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified using a linear mixed effect model that tested for association with imputed genotypes. Candidate genes were identified using bioinformatics tools and targeted RNAseq followed by testing in a novel in vitro model of human tubule, hypoxia-induced damage. We identified two QTL for UPE and five for serum biochemistries. Protein modeling identified a missense variant within Septin 8 (Sept8) as a candidate for UPE. Sept8/SEPTIN8 expression increased in HS rats with elevated UPE and tubulointerstitial injury and in the in vitro hypoxia model. SEPTIN8 is detected within proximal tubule cells in human kidney samples and localizes with acetyl-alpha tubulin in the culture system. After hypoxia, SEPTIN8 staining becomes diffuse and appears to relocalize with actin. These data suggest a role of SEPTIN8 in cellular organization and structure in response to environmental stress. This study demonstrates that integration of a rat genetic model with an environmentally induced tubule damage system identifies Sept8/SEPTIN8 and informs novel aspects of the complex gene by environmental interactions contributing to CKD risk.

scholarly journals The Adaptive Power of Ammophila arenaria: Biomimetic Study, Systematic Observation, Parametric Design, and Experimental Tests with Bimetal

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2554
Author(s):  
Tarciana Araújo Brito de Andrade ◽  
José Nuno Dinis Cabral Beirão ◽  
Amilton José Vieira de Arruda ◽  
Cristina Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Design ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
Biomimetic Approach ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Adaptive Power ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Opening And Closing

The aim of our study was to apply a biomimetic approach, inspired by the Ammophila arenaria. This organism possesses a reversible leaf opening and closing mechanism that responds to water and salt stress (hydronastic movement). We adopted a problem-based biomimetic methodology in three stages: (i) two observation studies; (ii) how to abstract and develop a parametric model to simulate the leaf movement; and (iii) experiments with bimetal, a smart material that curls up when heated. We added creases to the bimetal active layer in analogy to the position of bulliform cells. These cells determine the leaf-closing pattern. The experiments demonstrated that creases influence and can change the direction of the bimetal natural movement. Thus, it is possible to replicate the Ammophila arenaria leaf-rolling mechanism in response to temperature variation and solar radiation in the bimetal. In future works, we will be able to propose responsive facade solutions based on these results.

Possible Role of Rhizosphere Bacteria in the Nitrogen Nutrition of Ammophila Arenaria

Nature ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 202 (4931) ◽  
pp. 467-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. HASSOUNA ◽  
P. F. WAREING
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Rhizosphere Bacteria ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria

Coastal Observations: Rapid development and colonization of a UK sand dune system

Shore & Beach ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
A.T. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dune ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Couch Grass ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Dune Systems ◽  
Frontal Part ◽  
Agrostis Tenuis ◽  
South Wales

Between the years 1200 and 1600, vast quantities of sand were brought inshore from offshore bars as a result of centuries of ferocious storms, to form a series of dune systems along the South Wales coastline. Today, as a result of many housing, leisure, and industrial developments only a few remnants exist. On one such remnant at Porthcawl, Wales, UK, became a caravan site in the 1930s, which was abandoned in 1993 for political reasons. Within 27 years a minimum of 120,000 m3 of sand was transported from the adjacent beach and formed dunes >4 m in height along a 400- m frontal edge that extended some 130 m inland, approximately a third of the site. Typical vegetation found along the frontal part of the system are Ammophila arenaria (marram), Agropyron junceiforme (sand couch grass) and Euphorbia maritimum (spurge). To the rear of the system, vegetation included Agrostis tenuis and stolonifera, (bent and creeping bent grass), Cirsium avense (creeping thistle), and Caluna vulgaris (heather). A 4-m-high and c. 3000m2 area of a vigorous stand of Hippophae rhamnoides (sea buckthorn) has also formed. The rapidity of dune formation and vegetation colonization is staggering.

Coastal sand dunes as biological systems

1989 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 17-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Tyria Jacobaeae ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Dune Plants ◽  
Stress Metabolites

SynopsisWith the gradation of intensities of environmental factors from the strand-line to stable inland areas, coastal dunes show many ecological phenomena especially clearly. These are reviewed broadly, with some emphasis on topics on which important advances are being made. The nutrient status of dune soil and changes with time are shown with reference to several dune systems. Changes in major nutrients are given for Braunton Burrows, north Devon, where the influence of nitrogen fixation by Lotus corniculatus is illustrated. The effects of sand burial on plants are considered, and details given of the root systems of vigorous and relict marram; factors which may affect its decline in vigour are reviewed. Also discussed is the likely significance of nematodes in the decline of Hippophaë rhamnoides. Reasons for the richness of the dune flora are considered and also some autecological studies. At the physiological level, reference is made to the water relations of plants and at the biochemical level to the occurrence and possible ecological importance of stress metabolites. Life strategies, phenology, survivorship, competition and the population ecology of dune plants are reviewed and also the interaction of ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) and cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae). The population genetics of dune plants is illustrated by reference to Festuca rubra and Ammophila arenaria and of animals to Cepaea nemoralis.The abundance and ecological relationships of the invertebrate fauna are exemplified by surveys at Spurn Point, extensive investigations on spiders and the influence of marram on arthropod communities. The ecology of the natterjack load is considered in relation to conservation and the effects of large animal grazers in relation to the diversity of vegetation.

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) from Ammophila arenaria, a natural and a fast growing grass plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 530-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zayneb Jebali ◽  
Abdelkader Nabili ◽  
Hatem Majdoub ◽  
Sami Boufi
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Fast Growing

HERITABLE VARIATION IN THE LENGTH OF THE Y CHROMOSOME

The Lancet ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 280 (7245) ◽  
pp. 18-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Bishop ◽  
C.E. Blank ◽  
H. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Heritable Variation
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