The Role of Pseudomonas Syringae and Erwinia Chrysanthemi Hrp Gene Products in Plant Interactions

1994 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Alan Collmer ◽  
David W. Bauer ◽  
James R. Alfano ◽  
Gail Preston ◽  
Amy O. Loniello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Erwinia Chrysanthemi ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Plant Interactions

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and genetic approaches reveal an essential role of the NAC transcription factor SlNAP1 in the growth and defense response of tomato

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Wang ◽  
Chenfei Zheng ◽  
Xiangqi Shao ◽  
Zhangjian Hu ◽  
Jianxin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Multiple Stresses ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Breeding Target

AbstractWith global climate change, plants are frequently being exposed to various stresses, such as pathogen attack, drought, and extreme temperatures. Transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in numerous plant biological processes; however, the functions of many tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) TFs that regulate plant responses to multiple stresses are largely unknown. Here, using an RNA-seq approach, we identified SlNAP1, a NAC TF-encoding gene, which was strongly induced by various stresses. By generating SlNAP1 transgenic lines and evaluating their responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in tomato, we found that SlNAP1-overexpressing plants showed significantly enhanced defense against two widespread bacterial diseases, leaf speck disease, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000, and root-borne bacterial wilt disease, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. In addition, SlNAP1 overexpression dramatically improved drought tolerance in tomato. Although the SlNAP1-overexpressing plants were shorter than the wild-type plants during the early vegetative stage, eventually, their fruit yield increased by 10.7%. Analysis of different hormone contents revealed a reduced level of physiologically active gibberellins (GAs) and an increased level of salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in the SlNAP1-overexpressing plants. Moreover, EMSAs and ChIP-qPCR assays showed that SlNAP1 directly activated the transcription of multiple genes involved in GA deactivation and both SA and ABA biosynthesis. Our findings reveal that SlNAP1 is a positive regulator of the tomato defense response against multiple stresses and thus may be a potential breeding target for improving crop yield and stress resistance.

scholarly journals Study of Staphylococcus aureusPathogenic Genes by Transfer and Expression in the Less Virulent Organism Streptococcus gordonii

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Stutzmann Meier ◽  
J. M. Entenza ◽  
P. Vaudaux ◽  
P. Francioli ◽  
M. P. Glauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Gene ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
Function Strategy

ABSTRACT Because Staphylococcus aureus strains contain multiple virulence factors, studying their pathogenic role by single-gene inactivation generated equivocal results. To circumvent this problem, we have expressed specific S. aureus genes in the less virulent organism Streptococcus gordonii and tested the recombinants for a gain of function both in vitro and in vivo. Clumping factor A (ClfA) and coagulase were investigated. Both gene products were expressed functionally and with similar kinetics during growth by streptococci and staphylococci. ClfA-positive S. gordoniiwas more adherent to platelet-fibrin clots mimicking cardiac vegetations in vitro and more infective in rats with experimental endocarditis (P < 0.05). Moreover, deletingclfA from clfA-positive streptococcal transformants restored both the low in vitro adherence and the low in vivo infectivity of the parent. Coagulase-positive transformants, on the other hand, were neither more adherent nor more infective than the parent. Furthermore, coagulase did not increase the pathogenicity ofclfA-positive streptococci when both clfA andcoa genes were simultaneously expressed in an artificial minioperon in streptococci. These results definitively attribute a role for ClfA, but not coagulase, in S. aureus endovascular infections. This gain-of-function strategy might help solve the role of individual factors in the complex the S. aureus-host relationship.

scholarly journals Role of GCR2 in transcriptional activation of yeast glycolytic genes.

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3834-3842 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Uemura ◽  
Y Jigami
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Dna Binding Domain ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Lacz Expression ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Potential Interactions

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae GCR2 gene affects expression of most of the glycolytic genes. We report the nucleotide sequence of GCR2, which can potentially encode a 58,061-Da protein. There is a small cluster of asparagines near the center and a C-terminal region that would be highly charged but overall neutral. Fairly homologous regions were found between Gcr2 and Gcr1 proteins. To test potential interactions, the genetic method of S. Fields and O. Song (Nature [London] 340:245-246, 1989), which uses protein fusions of candidate gene products with, respectively, the N-terminal DNA-binding domain of Gal4 and the C-terminal activation domain II, assessing restoration of Gal4 function, was used. In a delta gal4 delta gal80 strain, double transformation by plasmids containing, respectively, a Gal4 (transcription-activating region)/Gcr1 fusion and a Gal4 (DNA-binding domain)/Gcr2 fusion activated lacZ expression from an integrated GAL1/lacZ fusion, indicating reconstitution of functional Gal4 through the interaction of Gcr1 and Gcr2 proteins. The Gal4 (transcription-activating region)/Gcr1 fusion protein alone complemented the defects of both gcr1 and gcr2 strains. Furthermore, a Rap1/Gcr2 fusion protein partially complemented the defects of gcr1 strains. These results suggest that Gcr2 has transcriptional activation activity and that the GCR1 and GCR2 gene products function together.

scholarly journals Mutations affecting the tRNA-splicing endonuclease activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-617
Author(s):  
M Winey ◽  
M R Culbertson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Defect ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Endonuclease Activity ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Trna Splicing

Abstract Two unlinked mutations that alter the enzyme activity of tRNA-splicing endonuclease have been identified in yeast. The sen1-1 mutation, which maps on chromosome 12, causes temperature-sensitive growth, reduced in vitro endonuclease activity, and in vivo accumulation of unspliced pre-tRNAs. The sen2-1 mutation does not confer a detectable growth defect, but causes a temperature-dependent reduction of in vitro endonuclease activity. Pre-tRNAs do not accumulate in sen2-1 strains. The in vitro enzyme activities of sen1-1 and sen2-1 complement in extracts from a heterozygous diploid, but fail to complement in mixed extracts from separate sen1-1 and sen2-1 haploid strains. These results suggest a direct role for SEN gene products in the enzymatic removal of introns from tRNA that is distinct from the role of other products known to affect tRNA splicing.

The Role of Viruses in the Phytobiome

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Schoelz ◽  
Lucy R. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Review Current

Viruses are an important but sequence-diverse and often understudied component of the phytobiome. We succinctly review current information on how plant viruses directly affect plant health and physiology and consequently have the capacity to modulate plant interactions with their biotic and abiotic environments. Virus interactions with other biota in the phytobiome, including arthropods, fungi, and nematodes, may also impact plant health. For example, viruses interact with and modulate the interface between plants and insects. This has been extensively studied for insect-vectored plant viruses, some of which also infect their vectors. Other viruses have been shown to alter the impacts of plant-interacting phytopathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi and bacteria. Viruses that infect nematodes have also recently been discovered, but the impact of these and phage infecting soil bacteria on plant health remain largely unexplored.

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