Indicators of Climate Change for the Russian Federation

1999 ◽  
pp. 219-242
Author(s):  
G. Gruza ◽  
E. Rankova ◽  
V. Razuvaev ◽  
O. Bulygina
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Federation

scholarly journals Seasonality of consumption of traditional products of reindeer husbandry and river fishing by indigenous people of the Arctic zone of Western Siberia in the context of climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-616
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Andronov ◽  
Andrey A. Lobanov ◽  
Irina V. Kobel’kova ◽  
Andrey I. Popov ◽  
Luo Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Annual Consumption ◽  
The Russian Federation

Introduction. The nutrition of the Nenets in the Arctic zone of Western Siberia is mainly based on traditional products (raw (thermally unprocessed) local fish and venison), which is the most important factor of survival in the Arctic. Storing up food products for an extended period is not relevant for the Nenets. Climate change and industrial development in the Arctic primarily affect the seasonality of consumption. Changing the calendar of fish and venison harvesting leads to greater use of imported and canned local food, increasing the length of the periods when local food completely disappears from the diet of the Nenets. Material and methods. During the expeditions to the national villages of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, cross-sectional screening studies were performed, in which 985 Nenets people took part. Nutritional analysis was conducted using the questionnaire method based on an album of portions and dishes. Retrospective information was collected on the seasonality of consumption of reindeer products and local fisheries (the length of the period when unserved fish and venison are available). Results. The consumption of reindeer and river fishery products is seasonal. The duration of the season of venison consumption was from 150±14.0 to 180±21.0, and raw fish - from 120±14.0 to 200±21.0 days. Despite the high level of consuming reindeer products per season, the average annual consumption of venison by Nenets in the Arctic zone of Western Siberia was 240 g/day/person that is less than in the central regions of the Russian Federation and industrially developed countries. In the studied area, the average annual consumption of fish (171.5 g/day/person) is three times higher than the average consumption in the Russian Federation. However, increased consumption of traditional food is typically only during the season of fishing or slaughtering reindeer. The average annual consumption reduced; during the off-season, the share of easily digestible carbohydrates in the diet increased. Conclusion. The creation of fish and venison stocks in villages and their year-round sale to the population is a necessary step in ensuring the food security of the Nenets people.

scholarly journals 200th anniversary of the discovery of Antarctica: a breakthrough in scientific research is needed

2020 ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Valery Zhuravel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Interstate Cooperation ◽  
200Th Anniversary ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the 200th anniversary of the discovery of Antarctica under the guidance of 2nd rank captain F. Bellingshausen and lieutenant M. Lazarev. Analyzing the peculiarities of Antarctica, the author notes that this is one of а few regions of our planet, the resources and territory of which are used by various states jointly and exclusively for peaceful purposes for the benefit of science. The article analyzes in detail the celebration of this anniversary in Russia and foreign countries, while paying special attention to the thematic focus of socio-political and scientific events. Considerable attention is paid to the study of the region by Russia and the European States. Interstate cooperation between countries in Antarctica is aimed at finding effective solutions to global problems facing humanity, such as environmental pollution, climate change and its consequences, and the loss of components of biological diversity. It is concluded that despite the fact that Antarctica is traditionally one of the strategic regions for ensuring the national interests and security of our state, the Russian Federation in its state policy in comparison with the Arctic, does not always respond promptly to the existing challenges, does not pay enough attention to improving the research base and living conditions of polar explorers, which negatively affects Russia's positions in Antarctica.

Russia and the Kyoto Protocol: Seeking an Alignment of Interests and Image

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Henry ◽  
Lisa McIntosh Sundstrom
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
International Negotiations ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
United Nations Framework Convention ◽  
The Russian Federation

On November 5, 2004, the Russian Federation ratified the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, effectively saving the treaty. Battling domestic interests, in which a majority of pro-Kyoto voices were countered by a small but powerful minority of Kyoto opponents, had little influence on the decision due to the centralized institutional environment in Russia which allows the President great autonomy in foreign policy. President Putin ratified the treaty because Russia would likely gain leverage in other international negotiations and contribute to an image of itself as a good member of the club of advanced industrialized states. He delayed ratification to clarify evidence about gains versus losses from Kyoto provisions and to secure concessions from other Kyoto ratifiers in other international negotiations. Existing implementation efforts are slow but indicate that Russia's strategy will emphasize maximizing profits through treaty mechanisms over maximizing emissions reductions.

scholarly journals Participation of Russia in the International Cooperation for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Energy Companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-391
Author(s):  
Maria Aleksandrovna Liubarskaia ◽  
Viktoria Sergeevna Merkusheva ◽  
Olga Sergeevna Zinovieva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article analyzes the participation of the Russian Federation in international cooperation on the climate change prevention. Global climate change in terms of its impact on world economy is presented as a catalyst for multidirectional shifts in many sectors of economy. The adoption of international documents such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992), the Kyoto Protocol (1997), the Paris Agreement (2015), and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2015) are viewed as vital steps for regulating international cooperation in this sphere. Analyzing the provisions of the 2020 Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation (2009), the authors emphasize the aspiration for international political and economic integration and deep economic interest in modernization as main factors, affecting Russian climate policy strategy. One of the mechanisms of implementing state policy in the field of environmental safety is the adoption of state regulation of greenhouse gas emissions and the consideration of these measures in the development of longterm strategies for socio-economic development. The authors urge for creating regional strategies for climate change prevention with necessary adjustment and adaptation to a specific region or constituent entity of the Russian Federation. In presenting the research results, the concept of “global warming potential” and the role of managing this potential in achieving sustainable development goals are disclosed. The authors argue that a significant contribution to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions is made by the production activities of the energy sector. Based on the data of the largest international companies (Chevron, ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips, BP, PetroChina, Shell, Gazprom, LUKOIL, Rosneft), directions for reducing their negative environmental impact were determined, including the classification of tools for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. International practice analysis forms the necessary ground to elaborate the most promising modern tools for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by Russian oil and gas companies.

scholarly journals CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE HUMAN LIFE CONDITIONS IN THE ARCTIC ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Zolotokrylin ◽  
V. V. Vinogradova ◽  
A. A. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
The Russian Federation

scholarly journals Forest complex of Russia in ensuring the national commitments of the Paris climate agreement

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ю.В. Кузминых ◽  
С.Е. Грязнов
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement

Изменение климата планеты вследствие концентрации парниковых газов в атмосфере является на сегодняшний день одной из основных глобальных экологических проблем. Лесные экосистемы и связанная с ними деятельность занимают важное место в формировании баланса углерода в атмосфере. Положительное влияние лесных экосистем на формирование углеродного баланса планеты признается международными климатическими соглашениями. Парижское соглашение об изменении климата, которое вступило в силу 4 ноября 2016 г., подтверждает возможность выполнения национальных обязательств стран за счет увеличения поглощения углерода лесами. Российской Федерацией продекларированы следующие обязательства по  предотвращению глобального изменения климата – ограничить выбросы парниковых газов на уровне 70–75% от уровня 1990 г. к 2030 г. при условии максимально возможного учета поглощающей способности лесов. В условиях замедления темпов развития российской экономики обязательства, заявленные Российской Федерацией, будут выполнены при условии реализации мер по ограничению и сокращению выбросов парниковых газов, тесно увязанных с политикой и мерами по модернизации российской экономики. Специальных дополнительных мер не потребуется. В перспективе управляемые леса России будут по-прежнему обеспечивать накопление углерода, но поглощаемая ими величина углекислых газов существенно уменьшится. В целях предотвращения снижения вклада лесных экосистем страны в формирование углеродного баланса в атмосфере необходимо проведение мероприятий по сохранению и расширению покрытой лесом площади, а также по совершенствованию управления лесными ресурсами. Лесной сектор России может выступить на международном уровне в качестве поставщика экологических углеродных услуг по сокращению выбросов парниковых газов и увеличения поглощения углерода лесными экосистемами. Основой для их реализации является механизм международной кооперации Парижского климатического соглашения. The climate change due to greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere is today one of the major global environmental problems. Forest ecosystems and related activities occupy an important place in the formation of the carbon balance in the atmosphere. A positive effect of forest ecosystems on the formation of the carbon balance of the planet is recognized in international climate agreements. The Paris agreement on climate change, which entered into force on 4 November 2016, confirms the possibility of fulfilling the national commitment of the countries due to the increase of forests carbon absorbing. The Russian Federation declared the following commitments to prevent global climate change ‒ to limit greenhouse gas emissions by 70–75 percent from 1990 levels by 2030, assuming the maximum possible given the absorptive capacity of forests. In the face of a slowing Russian economy development the commitment of the Russian Federation will be implemented under condition of limiting and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which are closely linked to the policies and measures on modernization of the Russian economy. Special additional measures are not required. In the future Russian managed forests will continue to provide carbon accumulation, but absorbed amount of carbon dioxide will decrease significantly. In order to prevent reduction of the contribution of forest ecosystems of the country in the formation of the carbon balance in the atmosphere it is necessary to conduct activities for the conservation and expansion of forested area, and on improving the management of forest resources. The forest sector of Russia can act at the international level as a provider of environmental services of carbon to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems. The basis for their implementation is a mechanism of international cooperation of the Paris climate agreement. 

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