scholarly journals Case: Sharing Parts and Services Among NATO Members

2021 ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Semra Türkalp ◽  
Bastiaan Dekkers
Keyword(s):  
Export Control ◽  
Export Controls ◽  
Deviant Behaviour ◽  
Member States ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Operational Readiness ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
Arms Export ◽  
Internal Pressures

AbstractNATO’s goals require close cooperation of Member States on operational readiness, interoperability of their systems, material supplies, transfer of technology and joint R&D projects. A common approach on the application and implementation of arms export controls, however, is largely lacking. This chapter questions the absence of application and implementation of arms export controls in the context of the material logistical support and services provided by the NATO Support and Procurement Agency (NSPA). Three root causes of deviant behaviour of the Member States with the arms export controls are identified and analysed: (1) fragmentation of the arms export control laws and regulations; (2) a lack of leadership commitment and organisational culture of compliance; and (3) a combination of external and internal pressures leads to a forced prioritization of operational readiness above compliance. Next, a response is formulated to effectively counter deviant behaviour such as non-compliance with arms export controls by implementing a mixture of soft and hard controls. We advise the NSPA to create a culture of compliance within the NATO Partnership Program’s community based on ethical values and virtues. This requires social consensus, leadership commitment and a common agreement on and formalization of the basic rules of export control.

Arms Export Controls under Siege of Globalisation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. T. Helferich
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
International Security ◽  
National Level ◽  
Export Control ◽  
Ir Theory ◽  
Export Controls ◽  
Arms Exports ◽  
Arms Export ◽  
German Security Policy ◽  
Control Regime

While defence industrial production is increasingly transnationalised, the control of arms exports still takes place almost exclusively on a national level. With the example of the German export control regime, this work analyses if the current situation yields arms export control risks that could undermine German security policy principles. Furhermore, inferences about IR theory are drawn based on the current regulation and its implementation. Looking at three particular case studies, this work finds that transnational production and trade indeed creates a number of arms diversion risks, however, these risks are predominantly a result of political choice rather than a phenomenon of hyper-globalisation. This work contributes to key discourses in International Security.

Arms Transfers and Export-Control Policies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bromley
Keyword(s):  
Export Control ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Member States ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Arms Transfers ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Arms Export ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines the attempt to coordinate and harmonize the dual-use and arms export control policies of EU member states, focusing in particular on the use of EU arms embargoes and the implementation of the EU Dual-Use Regulation and the EU Common Position on Arms Export. The chapter examines the original motivations that drove and sustained this effort and gives an assessment of its impact on member states’ national policies. In doing so, the chapter pays particular attention to the dual-use and arms export control policies of Europe’s major powers (France, Germany, the United Kingdom), highlighting areas where states’ policies have been affected by EU processes of coordination and convergence, and where they remain driven by primarily national considerations. The chapter also assesses and compares the impact of these processes among a selection of smaller EU member states.

"Learning and living democracy for all". Council of Europe Programme promoting Citizenship and Human Rights Education

CADMO ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Yulia Pererva
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Democratic Citizenship ◽  
Human Rights Education ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Member States ◽  
Close Cooperation

- Since 1997, the Council of Europe has supported a Project on Education for Democratic Citizenship and Human Rights (EDC/HRE) with the aim of complimenting its treaty related activities in the fields of Human and Social Rights. The article presents the programmes and the initiatives supported and developed by the Council of Europe both at an international and at the national levels as well as the most important adopted texts and publications. It outlines the principles on which partnership and networking are built by the Council of Europe in close cooperation with member states and other regional and international institutions.Keywords human rights education, education for democratic citizenship, international cooperation.

scholarly journals Export-control laws worry academics

Nature ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 461 (7261) ◽  
pp. 156-156
Author(s):  
Sharon Weinberger
Keyword(s):  
Export Control ◽  
Control Laws

Dynamics of Normative Change for International Nuclear Export Controls

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-539
Author(s):  
Lami Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Nuclear Export ◽  
Nuclear Test ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Export Control ◽  
Export Controls ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Normative Change

Abstract Like other normative systems, the international nuclear export control norms are incomplete and at times contradictory. Thus, contestations to the international nuclear export control norms inevitably emerge, as they did in the wake of the 1974 Indian nuclear test and the 1991 discovery of Iraq’s nuclear weapons program. These two nuclear crises prompted intense debates regarding the adequacy of the existing norms. The outcome of the debates generated overwhelming agreement and action among nuclear suppliers that they required strengthening. Drawing on Wayne Sandholtz’s theory of normative change, which argues that events trigger disputes whose outcomes modify norms, this article illustrates how the nuclear export control norms have evolved in a cyclical fashion. The article aims to contribute to the constructivist literature on normative change and discusses policy implications.

Undermining the Consensus-Building and List-Based Standards in Export Controls: What the US Export Controls Act Means to the Global Export Control Regime

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-599
Author(s):  
Cindy Whang
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
National Security ◽  
Export Control ◽  
Consensus Building ◽  
World War ◽  
Export Controls ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Control Regime

ABSTRACT On 13 August 2018, US President Donald Trump signed a legislation called the ‘Export Controls Act of 2018’ (ECA) that is important for reinvigorating the export control regime in the USA. This paper argues that contents of the ECA will not only impact the USA but also the way that the ECA is structured will potentially have a long-lasting influence on international export control regimes and the role that export controls play in international trade. International export control regimes were established post-World War II as a trade measure to pursue common strategic and national security goals among allied countries. Due to the sensitive nature of national security issues, international export control agreements were structured as non-binding agreements that heavily relied on the consensus of participating countries in formulating export control lists that the participating countries could then adopt in their domestic regulations. The cohesiveness of the global export control regimes has been based on the cornerstones of the consensus-building and list-based standards. The USA established its export control regimes to complement these international export control regimes and has been a strong proponent of requesting countries to adopt the international export control lists into domestic regulations. With the passage of the ECA, the infusion of economic policy considerations such as maintaining the USA’s technological leadership through adding a category of emerging and foundational technology has changed the long-standing export control narrative. Through the changes made to the US ECA, the scope of national security subject to export control regimes has expanded from being focused on military-oriented goods and technology into one that now includes commercial technology. While the changes made through the ECA serve to protect the USA’s technological interests, the statute could also undermine important elements of the global export control regime that the international community has established in the past seventy years post-World War II.

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