Feminism and Healthcare: Toward a Feminist Pragmatist Model of Healthcare Provision

Corruption is pervasive in Nigeria at all levels. Thus, despite recent gains in healthcare provision, the health sector faces numerous corruption related challenges. This study aims at examining areas of corruption in the health sector with specific focus on its types and nature. A sample size of 480 respondents aged 18 years and above was drawn from the eight Metropolitan Local Government Areas of Kano State, using the multistage sampling technique. The results revealed evidence of corrupt practices including those related to unnecessary-absenteeism, diversion of patients from the public health facilities to the private sector, diverting money meant for the purchase of equipment, fuel and diesel, bribery, stealing of medications, fraud, misappropriation of medications and unjustifiable reimbursement claims. In order to resolve the problem of corrupt practices in the healthcare sector, the study recommended the need for enforcement of appropriate code of ethics guiding the conduct of the health professionals, adoption of anti-corruption strategies, and strengthening the government monitoring system to check corruption in public health sector in order to ensure equitable access to healthcare services among the under-privileged people in the society.

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MARKETING AUTHORIZATION OF GENERIC DRUG: GLOBAL ISSUE AND CHALLENGES

International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs ◽

10.22270/ijdra.v1i3.5 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Pankaj Kashyap ◽

Eshant Duggal ◽

Parveen Budhwar ◽

Jitendra Kumar Badjatya

Keyword(s):

Generic Drug ◽

Patent Protection ◽

Drug Approval ◽

Approval Process ◽

Generic Medicines ◽

Healthcare Provision ◽

Pharmaceutical Markets ◽

Global Issue ◽

Drug Approval Process ◽

High Level

Generic medicines are those whose patent protection has expired, and which may be produced by manufacturers otherthan the innovator company. Use of generic medicines has been increasing in recent years, primarily as a cost savingmeasure in healthcare provision. Generic medicines are typically 20 to 90% cheaper than originator equivalents. Theobjective is to provide a high-level description of what generic medicines are and how they differ, at a regulatory andlegislative level, from originator medicines. It describes the current and historical regulation of medicines in theworld’s two main pharmaceutical markets, in addition to the similarities, as well as the differences, between genericsand their originator equivalents including the reasons for the cost differences seen between originator and genericmedicines. This article refers to the general generic drug approval process in India, USA, and Japan. They havedifferent regulation and approval process.

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The Ethics of AI in Biomedical Research, Patient Care, and Public Health

The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190067397.013.45 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 702-718 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alessandro Blasimme ◽

Effy Vayena

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Patient Care ◽

Biomedical Research ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Ethical Review ◽

Ethical Challenges ◽

Healthcare Provision ◽

Social Scientists ◽

Ethical Frameworks

This chapter explores ethical issues raised by the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the domain of biomedical research, healthcare provision, and public health. The litany of ethical challenges that AI in medicine raises cannot be addressed sufficiently by current regulatory and ethical frameworks. The chapter then advances the systemic oversight approach as a governance blueprint, which is based on six principles offering guidance as to the desirable features of oversight structures and processes in the domain of data-intense biomedicine: adaptivity, flexibility, inclusiveness, reflexivity, responsiveness, and monitoring (AFIRRM). In the research domain, ethical review committees will have to incorporate reflexive assessment of the scientific and social merits of AI-driven research and, as a consequence, will have to open their ranks to new professional figures such as social scientists. In the domain of patient care, clinical validation is a crucial issue. Hospitals could equip themselves with “clinical AI oversight bodies” charged with the task of advising clinical administrators. Meanwhile, in the public health sphere, the new level of granularity enabled by AI in disease surveillance or health promotion will have to be negotiated at the level of targeted communities.

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Healthcare provision inside immigration removal centres: A social identity analysis of trust, legitimacy and disengagement

Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being ◽

10.1111/aphw.12263 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Blerina Këllezi ◽

Juliet Wakefield ◽

Mhairi Bowe ◽

Clifford Stevenson ◽

Niamh McNamara

Keyword(s):

Social Identity ◽

Healthcare Provision

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Impact of COVID-19 pandemic social restriction measures on people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases in the UK: a mixed-methods study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048772 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e048772

Author(s):

Toby O Smith ◽

Pippa Belderson ◽

Jack R Dainty ◽

Linda Birt ◽

Karen Durrant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Online Survey ◽

Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Healthcare Provision ◽

Social Restriction ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact

ObjectivesTo determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic social restriction measures on people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) and to explore how people adapted to these measures over time.DesignMixed-methods investigation comprising a national online longitudinal survey and embedded qualitative study.SettingUK online survey and interviews with community-dwelling individuals in the East of England.ParticipantsPeople in the UK with RMDs were invited to participate in an online survey. A subsection of respondents were invited to participate in the embedded qualitative study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe online survey, completed fortnightly over 10 weeks from April 2020 to August 2020, investigated changes in symptoms, social isolation and loneliness, resilience and optimism. Qualitative interviews were undertaken assessing participant’s perspectives on changes in symptoms, exercising, managing instrumental tasks such a shopping, medication and treatment regimens and how they experienced changes in their social networks.Results703 people with RMDs completed the online survey. These people frequently reported a deterioration in symptoms as a result of COVID-19 pandemic social restrictions (52% reported increase vs 6% reported a decrease). This was significantly worse for those aged 18–60 years compared with older participants (p=0.017). The qualitative findings from 26 individuals with RMDs suggest that the greatest change in daily life was experienced by those in employment. Although some retired people reported reduced opportunity for exercise outside their homes, they did not face the many competing demands experienced by employed people and people with children at home.ConclusionsPeople with RMDs reported a deterioration in symptoms when COVID-19 pandemic social restriction measures were enforced. This was worse for working-aged people. Consideration of this at-risk group, specifically for the promotion of physical activity, changing home-working practices and awareness of healthcare provision is important, as social restrictions continue in the UK.

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Migrants’ and Natives’ Attitudes toward Public Healthcare Provision in Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands

International Journal of Public Opinion Research ◽

10.1093/ijpor/edaa024 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Verena Seibel ◽

Jeanette A J Renema

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Welfare States ◽

Public Healthcare ◽

Healthcare Provision ◽

Level Of Satisfaction ◽

Health Differences ◽

Socialization Processes ◽

The Government ◽

Migrant Groups ◽

European Welfare States

Abstract Public healthcare is still one of the main pillars of European welfare states, despite the increasing number of migrants, we know little about migrants’ attitudes toward healthcare. We used recent data from the MIFARE survey and compared natives with a variety of nine migrant groups living in Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands, focusing on migrants’ preferred level of governmental involvement and their satisfaction with public healthcare. We found that, compared to natives, migrants held the government less responsible for providing healthcare while expressing a higher level of satisfaction. Whereas health differences among migrants and natives did not explain this ethnic gap, we found that these ethnic gaps are moderated by socialization processes and knowledge of healthcare rights.

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Geospatial analysis of emergency services use for public health assessment and intervention

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

G Cassourret

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Primary Care ◽

Unemployment Rate ◽

Emergency Services ◽

Health Interventions ◽

Healthcare Provision ◽

Socioeconomic Determinants ◽

Primary Care Doctors ◽

Use Of Emergency Services ◽

Neighborhood Level

Abstract The population is increasingly using emergency care services around the world. The underlying interrogation is whether this increase is a consequence from a dysfunction in healthcare provision, from a deterioration in the health status of the population or from socioeconomic determinants. We performed geospatial analyses with 3-year 1,081,026 Emergency Medical Services (EMS) responses in Paris and its suburbs. Incidence of calls per population and complaints were compared, at the neighborhood level, with demographic and socioeconomic determinants. Associations with characteristics of the health system such as the density of primary care doctors were also studied. Spatial autocorrelations were searched with Moran's I analyses. We found a positive correlation between the incidence of EMS calls by population for respiratory problems, and the level of poverty as well as the unemployment rate (p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between psychiatric complaints and socioeconomic determinants. There was a strong correlation between calls for birth or imminent birth by woman of childbearing age and the unemployment rate among women, the unemployment rate overall and household median household income (p < 0.001). There was no correlation between the density of primary care providers and EMS activity by population. EMS data allowed us to powerfully identify specific socioeconomic determinants of health for a 7 million-inhabitant population at the district level. Results could be used to design and implement tailored public health interventions for maximum impact. The overuse of emergency services does not seem to stem solely from the decrease in the supply of primary care doctors. Innovatively, monitoring the actual use of emergency services could responsively inform policy makers and agencies responsible for prevention and health promotion about the specific needs of the population and the consequences of decisions on the organization of the provision of care. Key messages The use of emergency services is a valid metric to evaluate the health status of the population and identify socioeconomic determinants. It gives specific guidelines for public health interventions. Geospatial analyses can efficiently identify the specific needs of a population at the neighborhood level. It can participate to the evaluation of the organization of healthcare provision.

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HealthTEC Innovation Design - a proposal for a novel Master degree program based on Unmet Clinical Need, global Healthcare Challenges, and 21st century skills

Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1515/cdbme-2020-3153 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 599-603

Author(s):

Michael Friebe

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

21St Century ◽

21St Century Skills ◽

Data Analytics ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Data Gathering ◽

Healthcare Systems ◽

Disruptive Innovation ◽

Incremental Innovation ◽

Healthcare Provision

AbstractThe effectiveness, efficiency, availability, agility, and equality of global healthcare systems are in question. The COVID-19 pandemic have further highlighted some of these issues and also shown that healthcare provision is in many parts of the world paternalistic, nimble, and often governed too extensively by revenue and profit motivations. The 4th industrial revolution - the machine learning age - with data gathering, analysis, optimisation, and delivery changes has not yet reached Healthcare / Health provision. We are still treating patients when they are sick rather then to use advanced sensors, data analytics, machine learning, genetic information, and other exponential technologies to prevent people from becoming patients or to help and support a clinicians decision. We are trying to optimise and improve traditional medicine (incremental innovation) rather than to use technologies to find new medical and clinical approaches (disruptive innovation). Education of future stakeholders from the clinical and from the technology side has not been updated to Health 4.0 demands and the needed 21st century skills. This paper presents a novel proposal for a university and innovation lab based interdisciplinary Master education of HealthTEC innovation designers.

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‘The nurse did not even greet me’: how informed versus non-informed patients evaluate health systems responsiveness in South Africa

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004360 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. e004360

Author(s):

Dumisani MacDonald Hompashe ◽

Ulf-G Gerdtham ◽

Carmen S Christian ◽

Anja Smith ◽

Ronelle Burger

Keyword(s):

Health Systems ◽

Primary Healthcare ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Quality Care ◽

Public Healthcare ◽

Health Coverage ◽

Access To Health Services ◽

Healthcare Provision ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Patients Experience

Introduction Universal Health Coverage is not only about access to health services but also about access to high-quality care, since poor experiences may deter patients from accessing care. Evidence shows that quality of care drives health outcomes, yet little is known about non-clinical dimensions of care, and patients’ experience thereof relative to satisfaction with visits. This paper investigates the role of non-clinical dimensions of care in patient satisfaction. Methods Our study describes the interactions of informed and non-informed patients with primary healthcare workers at 39 public healthcare facilities in two metropolitan centres in two South African provinces. Our analysis included 1357 interactions using standardised patients (for informed patients) and patients’ exit interviews (for non-informed patients). The data were combined for three types of visits: contraception, hypertension and tuberculosis. We describe how satisfaction with care was related to patients’ experiences of non-clinical dimensions. Results We show that when real patients (RPs) reported being satisfied (vs dissatisfied) with a visit, it was associated with a 30% increase in the probability that a patient is greeted at the facilities. Likewise, when the RPs reported being satisfied (vs dissatisfied) with the visit, it was correlated with a 15% increase in the prospect that patients are pleased with healthcare workers’ explanations of health conditions. Conclusion Informed patients are better equipped to assess health-systems responsiveness in healthcare provision. Insights into responsiveness could guide broader efforts aimed at targeted education and empowerment of primary healthcare users to strengthen health systems and shape expectations for appropriate care and conduct.

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