Fusarium oxysporum: Genomics, Diversity and Plant–Host Interaction

Host-specific forms of Fusarium oxysporum infect the roots of numerous plant species. I present a novel application of familiar methodology to visualize and quantify F. oxysporum in roots. Infection in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato, and cotton was detected with colorimetric reagents that are substrates for Fusarium spp.-derived arabinofuranosidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activities and without the need for genetic modification of either plant host or fungal pathogen. Similar patterns of blue precipitation were produced by treatment with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-α-l-arabinofuranoside and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranoside, and these patterns were consistent with prior histological descriptions of F. oxysporum in roots. Infection was quantified in roots of wild-type and mutant Arabidopsis using 4-nitrophenyl-α-l-arabinofuranoside. In keeping with an expectation that disease severity above ground is correlated with F. oxysporum infection below ground, elevated levels of arabinofuranosidase activity were measured in the roots of susceptible agb1 and rfo1 while a reduced level was detected in the resistant eir1. In contrast, disease severity and F. oxysporum infection were uncoupled in tir3. The distribution of staining patterns in roots suggests that AGB1 and RFO1 restrict colonization of the vascular cylinder by F. oxysporum whereas EIR1 promotes colonization of root apices.

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Uneven abundances determine nestedness in climbing plant-host interaction networks

Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics ◽

10.1016/j.ppees.2017.04.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 53-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Joaquín Calatayud ◽

Jaime Madrigal-González ◽

Ernesto Gianoli ◽

Joaquín Hortal ◽

Asier Herrero

Keyword(s):

Interaction Networks ◽

Plant Host ◽

Climbing Plant ◽

Host Interaction

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Flagellar-Dependent Motility in Mesorhizobium tianshanense is Involved in the Early Stage of Plant Host Interaction: Study of an flgE Mutant

Current Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s00284-014-0701-x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 219-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Huiming Zheng ◽

Yiling Mao ◽

Jiao Teng ◽

Qingcheng Zhu ◽

Jun Ling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Interaction Study ◽

Plant Host ◽

Host Interaction ◽

Mesorhizobium Tianshanense

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The Role of Sugars in the Regulation of the Level of Endogenous Signaling Molecules during Defense Response of Yellow Lupine to Fusarium oxysporum

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21114133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 4133 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Magda Formela-Luboińska ◽

Tamara Chadzinikolau ◽

Kinga Drzewiecka ◽

Henryk Jeleń ◽

Jan Bocianowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Signaling Molecules ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Host Cells ◽

Lupinus Luteus ◽

Plant Host ◽

Yellow Lupine

Soluble sugars such as sucrose, glucose and fructose in plant host cells not only play the role as donors of carbon skeletons, but they may also induce metabolic signals influencing the expression of defense genes. These metabolites function in a complex network with many bioactive molecules, which independently or in dialogue, induce successive defense mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of sucrose and monosaccharides as signaling molecules in the regulation of the levels of phytohormones and hydrogen peroxide participating in the defense responses of Lupinus luteus L. to a hemibiotrophic fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f. sp. lupini. A positive correlation between the level of sugars and postinfection accumulation of salicylic acid and its glucoside, as well as abscisic acid, was noted. The stimulatory effect of sugars on the production of ethylene was also reported. The protective role of soluble sugars in embryo axes of yellow lupine was seen in the limited development of infection and fusariosis. These results provide evidence for the enhanced generation of signaling molecules both by sugar alone as well as during the crosstalk between sugars and infection caused by F. oxysporum. However, a considerable postinfection increase in the level of these signaling molecules under the influence of sugars was recorded. The duration of the postinfection generation of these molecules in yellow lupine was also variable.

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Insight into plant cell wall degradation and pathogenesis of Ganoderma boninense via comparative genome analysis

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.8065 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e8065 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmad Bazli Ramzi ◽

Muhammad Lutfi Che Me ◽

Ummul Syafiqah Ruslan ◽

Syarul Nataqain Baharum ◽

Nor Azlan Nor Muhammad

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Genome Analysis ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Comparative Genome Analysis ◽

Cell Wall Degradation ◽

Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽

Plant Host ◽

Degrading Enzymes ◽

Host Interaction

Background G. boninense is a hemibiotrophic fungus that infects oil palms (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) causing basal stem rot (BSR) disease and consequent massive economic losses to the oil palm industry. The pathogenicity of this white-rot fungus has been associated with cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) released during saprophytic and necrotrophic stage of infection of the oil palm host. However, there is a lack of information available on the essentiality of CWDEs in wood-decaying process and pathogenesis of this oil palm pathogen especially at molecular and genome levels. Methods In this study, comparative genome analysis was carried out using the G. boninense NJ3 genome to identify and characterize carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZymes) including CWDE in the fungal genome. Augustus pipeline was employed for gene identification in G. boninense NJ3 and the produced protein sequences were analyzed via dbCAN pipeline and PhiBase 4.5 database annotation for CAZymes and plant-host interaction (PHI) gene analysis, respectively. Comparison of CAZymes from G. boninense NJ3 was made against G. lucidum, a well-studied model Ganoderma sp. and five selected pathogenic fungi for CAZymes characterization. Functional annotation of PHI genes was carried out using Web Gene Ontology Annotation Plot (WEGO) and was used for selecting candidate PHI genes related to cell wall degradation of G. boninense NJ3. Results G. boninense was enriched with CAZymes and CWDEs in a similar fashion to G. lucidum that corroborate with the lignocellulolytic abilities of both closely-related fungal strains. The role of polysaccharide and cell wall degrading enzymes in the hemibiotrophic mode of infection of G. boninense was investigated by analyzing the fungal CAZymes with necrotrophic Armillaria solidipes, A. mellea, biotrophic Ustilago maydis, Melampsora larici-populina and hemibiotrophic Moniliophthora perniciosa. Profiles of the selected pathogenic fungi demonstrated that necrotizing pathogens including G. boninense NJ3 exhibited an extensive set of CAZymes as compared to the more CAZymes-limited biotrophic pathogens. Following PHI analysis, several candidate genes including polygalacturonase, endo β-1,3-xylanase, β-glucanase and laccase were identified as potential CWDEs that contribute to the plant host interaction and pathogenesis. Discussion This study employed bioinformatics tools for providing a greater understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying the production of CAZymes in G. boninense NJ3. Identification and profiling of the fungal polysaccharide- and lignocellulosic-degrading enzymes would further facilitate in elucidating the infection mechanisms through the production of CWDEs by G. boninense. Identification of CAZymes and CWDE-related PHI genes in G. boninense would serve as the basis for functional studies of genes associated with the fungal virulence and pathogenicity using systems biology and genetic engineering approaches.

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