Soil Organic Matter and Microbial Role in Plant Productivity and Soil Fertility

2017 ◽  
pp. 219-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapas Biswas ◽  
Subhas Chandra Kole
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Plant Productivity

scholarly journals Assessment of Potato Farmland Soil Nutrient Based on MDS-SQI Model in the Loess Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3957
Author(s):  
Yingying Xing ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Niu ◽  
Wenting Jiang ◽  
Xiukang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Farmland Soil

Soil nutrients are essential nutrients provided by soil for plant growth. Most researchers focus on the coupling effect of nutrients with potato yield and quality. There are few studies on the evaluation of soil nutrients in potato fields. The purpose of this study is to investigate the soil nutrients of potato farmland and the soil vertical nutrient distributions, and then to provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the fertilizer management practices for potatoes in Loess Plateau. Eight physical and chemical soil indexes were selected in the study area, and 810 farmland soil samples from the potato agriculture product areas were analyzed in Northern Shaanxi. The paper established the minimum data set (MDS) for the quality diagnosis of the cultivated layer for farmland by principal component analysis (PCA), respectively, and furthermore, analyzed the soil nutrient characteristics of the cultivated layer adopted soil quality index (SQI). The results showed that the MDS on soil quality diagnosis of the cultivated layer for farmland soil included such indicators as the soil organic matter content, soil available potassium content, and soil available phosphorus content. The comprehensive index value of the soil quality was between 0.064 and 0.302. The SPSS average clustering process used to classify SQI was divided into three grades: class I (36.2%) was defined as suitable soil fertility (SQI < 0.122), class II (55.6%) was defined as moderate soil fertility (0.122 < SQI < 0.18), and class III (8.2%) was defined as poor soil fertility (SQI > 0.186). The comprehensive quality of the potato farmland soils was generally low. The proportion of soil nutrients in the SQI composition ranged from large to small as the soil available potassium content = soil available phosphorus content > soil organic matter content, which became the limiting factor of the soil organic matter content in this area. This study revolves around the 0 to 60 cm soil layer; the soil fertility decreased gradually with the soil depth, and had significant differences between the respective soil layers. In order to improve the soil nutrient accumulation and potato yield in potato farmland in northern Shaanxi, it is suggested to increase the fertilization depth (20 to 40 cm) and further study the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer.

scholarly journals Organik Matter: It’s Role in Sustainable Farming of Sugarcane

Perspektif ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Djajadi Djajadi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Sustainable Farming

<p class="Default">ABSTRACT</p><p class="Default">Organik matter has an important role in determining soil health of sugarcane, i.e. soil capacity to support sugarcane to produce sustainable high yield. Soil organic matter influences soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, so that a consequence of declining soil organic matter is poorer soil fertility and lower yield. This paper has an objective to elucidate the important role of organic matter on sustainable farming of sugarcane. The important role of organic matter in soil fertility has been known for a long time before Green Revolution concept was introduced. With more intensity in sugarcane farming and more increasing of sugar demand, application of organic fertilizer started to be substituted by chemical fertilizer. Using green manure and/or biofertilizer has a chance to be spread out to the farmers due to more practical and more efficient than solid organik fertilizer, such as dung manure or compost. Future research should be focusing on the efectivity of green manure and or biofertilzer sources in improving soil fertility and cane yield, minimizing soil pathogen, reducing soil erosion of sugar cane land monoculture, and improving awareness of farmers about soil degradation as consequences of sugarcane monoculture planting for years.</p><p class="Default">Keywords: Organic matter, sugarcane, soil health sustainable farming</p><p class="Default"> </p><p class="Default"><strong>Bahan Organik: Peranannya dalam Budidaya Tebu Berkelanjutan</strong></p><p class="Default">ABSTRAK</p><p class="Default">Bahan organik tanah berperan penting dalam menentukan kesehatan tanah tebu, yaitu kapasitas tanah yang dapat mendukung produksi tebu yang tinggi secara berkelanjutan. Kadar bahan organik tanah mempengaruhi sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah. Paper ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan tentang peranan bahan organik dalam memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah pertanaman tebu. Pentingnya peran bahan oganik tersebut sudah disadari dari dulu, sehingga sebelum revolusi hijau penggunaan pupuk organik sudah umum dilakukan petani. Dengan semakin intensifnya budidaya tebu dan semakin meningkatnya kebutuhan gula, pemanfaatan pupuk organik sudah jarang dilakukan. Diperlukan usaha untuk meningkatkan dan mempertahankan kadar bahan organik pada lahan tebu, antara lain berupa gerakan masal dalam bentuk gerakan nasional melalui program aplikasi bahan organik. Pemanfaatan pupuk hijau dan/atau pupuk hayati berpeluang untuk diterapkan karena lebih praktis dan efisien daripada penambahan pupuk organik padat. Penelitian ke depan perlu difokuskan untuk mengkaji jenis-jenis pupuk organik dan pupuk hayati yang efektif memperbaiki kesuburan, dalam menekan serangan penyakit, meminimalkan erosi pada lahan-lahan tebu monokultur, dan meningkatkan kesadaran petani tebu tentang terjadinya degradasi lahan akibat penanaman tebu yang terus menerus.</p><p class="Default">Kata kunci: Bahan organik, tebu, kesehatan tanah, budidaya berkelanjutan</p><p class="Default"> </p>

Soil Organic Matter and Soil Fertility

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanglong Tian ◽  
Fusako Ishida ◽  
Dyno Keatinge ◽  
Roel Merckx ◽  
Jan Diels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility

Contributions of soil microbes and soil organic matter to plant productivity in tropical savanna soils under different land uses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geofrey Soka ◽  
Mark Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Soil Pathogens

&lt;p&gt;Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) and soil organic matter (SOM) can be important factors in soil fertility, cycling of nutrients, and plant productivity. It is still unclear whether greater AM fungi abundance is advantageous for plant productivity under nutrient-poor tropical soils despite the relatively common lack of phosphorus (P) and the purported benefit of AM fungi in obtaining and exchanging P with plants for carbon. We explored whether AM fungi and/or SOM augmented plant productivity in different field soils to test the hypotheses that AM fungi were important contributors to plant productivity and that the contribution by AM fungi is higher on soils with lower organic matter and presumably lower nutrient availability compared to soils with higher organic matter. We conducted a factorial experiment in the greenhouse with potted soils of either high or low organic matter (SOM) collected from each of three different land uses, grazed by wildlife in a protected area (Serengeti National Park, Tanzania), grazed by livestock, and cropland. Half the soils were sterilized to remove soil microbes, including AM fungi. Two grass species, Zea mays and Themeda triandra, were grown for 12 weeks in 8 replicates of each soil type and sterilization treatment. About 52.4% and 62.6% of Z. mays roots grown in non-sterilized soils were colonized by AM fungi in low and high SOM, respectively, and 38.1% and 46.7% of T. triandra roots grown in non-sterilized soils were colonized by AM fungi in low and high SOM respectively. Overall, the production of both plant species was significantly higher on control soils than sterilized soils, indicating that AM fungi likely contributed to productivity, and on soils with higher SOM. However, the separate contribution to the productivity of SOM and soil microbes varied significantly among plant species and soils from different land uses. Zea mays productivity increased most strongly to higher SOM, and declined with sterilization in agricultural, but not livestock or wildlife grazed soils. In contrast, T. triandra production was largely insensitive to SOM or sterilization except on wildlife-grazed soils, where it increased most strongly in unsterilized soils. Soil microbe impacts on productivity, therefore, may be driven more by host plant species than by lower nutrient supply, as associated with lower SOM. Furthermore, the results suggest that efforts to enhance productivity in uncultivated lands should perhaps focus on altering plant species composition, while efforts to enhance productivity in agriculture soils might not depend on beneficial soil microbes or additional fertilizer but instead on effective crop rotations to reduce soil pathogens.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals TEKNOLOGI PENYAMBUNGAN (GRAFTING) MENDUKUNG PENGEMBANGAN, PEREMAJAAN DAN REHABILITASI PERTANAMAN JAMBU METE / Grafting Technology for Support Extensification, Replanting, and Rehabilitation of Cashew Plantation

Perspektif ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Rudi Suryadi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Land Conservation ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Pests And Diseases

<p>Initially cashew cultivation was aimed at marginal land conservation. A tight spacing (3 m x 3 m) so that the crown can cover the ground as quickly as possible to prevent soil erosion during rain and deciduous cashew leaves will add soil organic matter. Therefore aspects of plant productivity have not been a concern. As the price of cashew nuts tends to increase every year. This can encourage farmers to try cashew crops more seriously. At present, cashew cultivation is not only an effort to conserve marginal land, but also as a source of income for farmers, especially in Eastern Indonesia (KTI). Until 2016, Indonesia's cashew area had reached 514,491 ha with production of 137,094 tons. However, the level of productivity is considered still low, namely 430 kg logs/ha/year, far below India and Nigeria in the range of 900-2,286 kg logs/ha/year. Some factors that cause low productivity of Indonesian cashew are (1) the quality of plant material used, (2) disruption of pests and diseases, (3) maintenance of plants, and (4) the number of old plants (&gt; 30 years). For this reason, efforts need to be made to increase the productivity of cashew, by implementing grafting technology in the extensification, replanting and rehabilitation of cashew. Research related to the grafting has been done quite a lot and produced, both grafting in nurseries and directly on the field (top working). The production potential of 9 superior varieties released ranged from 5.97 - 37.44 kg logs/trees/year or an average of 16.70 kg logs/trees/year. If the extensification, replanting and rehabilitation activities apply the grafting technology using the stem from superior varieties, it will be able to increase the productivity of Indonesian cashew to 1,670 kg logs/ha/year or increase by 300% from current productivity.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Awalnya penanaman jambu mete bertujuan untuk konservasi lahan marjinal. Jarak tanam rapat (3 m x 3 m) agar tajuk dapat secepat mungkin menutup permukaan tanah untuk mencegah erosi permukaan tanah saat hujan dan daun jambu mete yang gugur akan menambah bahan organik tanah. Oleh sebab itu aspek produktivitas tanaman belum menjadi perhatian. Seiring perkembangan harga kacang mete cenderung meningkat setiap tahunnya. Hal tersebut mampu mendorong petani untuk mengusahakan tanaman jambu mete lebih serius. Saat ini penanaman jambu mete tidak hanya sebagai usaha konservasi lahan marjinal, namun menjadi sumber pendapatan petani, terutama di Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI). Sampai 2016, luas areal mete Indonesia telah mencapai 514.491 ha dengan produksi 137.094 ton. Namun, tingkat produktivitas dianggap masih rendah yaitu 430 kg gelondong/ha/tahun, jauh dibawah India dan Nigeria pada kisaran 900-2.286 kg gelondong/ha/tahun. Beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan rendahnya produktivitas jambu mete Indonesia yaitu (1) mutu bahan tanaman yang digunakan, (2) gangguan hama dan penyakit, (3) pemeliharaan tanaman, dan (4) banyaknya tanaman tua (&gt;30 tahun). Untuk itu perlu ditempuh upaya meningkatkan produktivitas jambu mete, dengan menerapkan teknologi penyambungan pada kegiatan pengembangan, peremajaan dan rehabilitasi pertanaman jambu mete. Penelitian terkait penyambungan sudah cukup banyak dilakukan dan dihasilkan, baik penyambungan di pembibitan maupun langsung di lapang (<em>top working</em>). Potensi produksi dari 9 varietas unggul yang dilepas berkisar antara 5,97- 37,44 kg gelondong/pohon/tahun atau rata-rata 16,70 kg gelondong/pohon/tahun. Apabila kegiatan pengembangan, peremajaan dan rehabilitasi menerapkan teknologi penyambungan menggunakan batang atas dari varietas unggul, akan mampu meningkatkan produktivitas jambu mete Indonesia menjadi 1.670 kg gelondong/ha/tahun atau meningkat 300 % dari produktivitas saat ini.</p><p> </p>

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