Chemical Control of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823), the Principal Vector of Bancroftian Filariasis, with Emphasis on Resistance Development Against Insecticides in India

2018 ◽  
pp. 293-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mariappan ◽  
B. K. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Bancroftian Filariasis ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Principal Vector

scholarly journals Occurrence of L1014F and L1014S mutations in insecticide resistant Culex quinquefasciatus from filariasis endemic districts of West Bengal, India

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0010000
Author(s):  
Priyanka Rai ◽  
Dhiraj Saha
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Vector Population ◽  
A Minor ◽  
First Time

Introduction Lymphatic filariasis causes long term morbidity and hampers the socio-economic status. Apart from the available treatments and medication, control of vector population Culex quinquefasciatus Say through the use of chemical insecticides is a widely applied strategy. However, the unrestrained application of these insecticides over many decades has led to resistance development in the vectors. Methods In order to determine the insecticide susceptibility/resistance status of Cx. quinquefasciatus from two filariasis endemic districts of West Bengal, India, wild mosquito populations were collected and assayed against six different insecticides and presence of L1014F; L1014S kdr mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene was also screened along with the use of synergists to evaluate the role of major detoxifying enzymes in resistance development. Results The collected mosquito populations showed severe resistance to insecticides and the two synergists used–PBO (piperonyl butoxide) and TPP (triphenyl phosphate), were unable to restore the susceptibility status of the vector thereupon pointing towards a minor role of metabolic enzymes. kdr mutations were present in the studied populations in varying percent with higher L1014F frequency indicating its association with the observed resistance to pyrethroids and DDT. This study reports L1014S mutation in Cx. quinquefasciatus for the first time.

scholarly journals Oil and Powder of Spearmint as an Alternative to Sitophilus Oryzae Chemical Control of Wheat Grains

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aly Derbalah ◽  
Sahar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Stored Product Pests ◽  
Spearmint Oil

Oil and Powder of Spearmint as an Alternative toSitophilus OryzaeChemical Control of Wheat GrainsStored product pests such asSitophilus Oryzaeare a major concern. Alternative and safe control methods for such pests are needed. Therefore, powder and essential oil of Mentha viridis plant were tested under laboratory conditions for their ability to protect wheat grains against the insectS. oryzae. The insect was reared and tested on whole wheat grains. The emergence and adult mortality of the insectS. oryzaewere tested. The efficacy of these plant products was evaluated and compared with malathion. The standard compound for controllingS. oryzaehas been malathion. The effect of botanical products and malathion on the germination of wheat grains was also evaluated. The chemical components of spearmint oil were also identified using GC-MS analysis. The results showed that, the oil and powder ofM. viridiswere effective againstS. oryzaewith the respect to adults mortality. Also, the oil and powdered products ofM. viridissignificantly reduced the emergence ofS. oryzaecompared to the control treatment. Spearmint oil and powder do not significantly affect wheat grains germination relative to the control treatment. The efficacy of spearmint against the tested insect was due to the presence of a mixture of bioactive compounds. The results suggested that, spearmint oil and powder are promising as alternatives to chemical control used againstS. oryzaein wheat grains. Also, these spearmint products submit a solution of resistance development by insect due to the presence of a lot of bioactive components rather than the single insecticide.

scholarly journals Transmission of the nocturnal periodic strain of Wuchereria bancrofti by Culex quinquefasciatus: establishing the potential for urban filariasis in Thailand

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. TRITEERAPRAPAB ◽  
K. KANJANOPAS ◽  
S. SUWANNADABBA ◽  
S. SANGPRAKARN ◽  
Y. POOVORAWAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Bancroftian Filariasis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Urban Cycle

Control programmes have reduced the prevalence of Bancroftian filariasis in Thailand to low levels. Recently, there has been an influx of more than one million Myanmar immigrants into urban centres of Thailand. The prevalence of patent Wuchereria bancrofti infection in these immigrants (2–5%) has prompted concern in the public health community that the potential now exists for a re-emergence of Bancroftian filariasis in Thailand. It is possible that an urban cycle of transmission could become established. The Myanmar immigrants are infected with the nocturnal periodic (urban) type W. bancrofti for which Culex quinquefasciatus serves as the main vector. The Thai strains of Cx. quinquefasciatus have never been reported to transmit Bancroftian filariasis. Our results of feeding experiments demonstrated that the Thai Cx. quinquefasciatus are permissive for the development of Myanmar W. bancrofti to infective third-stage larvae thus establishing the potential for establishing an urban cycle of transmission in Thailand. We also adapted the SspI repeat PCR assay for the identification of infective mosquitoes that was capable of detecting a single infective stage larvae in a pool of 100 mosquitoes.

Pyrethroid Susceptibility in Culex quinquefasciatus Say. (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations from Delta State, Niger-Delta Region, Nigeria

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chioma C Ojianwuna ◽  
Ahmed I Omotayo ◽  
Victor N Enwemiwe ◽  
Fouad A Adetoro ◽  
Destiny N Eyeboka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
World Health ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The development of insecticide resistance in different species of mosquitoes to Pyrethroids is a major challenge for vector-borne diseases transmitted by mosquitoes. Failure of Pyrethroids in control of mosquitoes would impact negatively on the gains recorded in control of mosquito-borne diseases in previous years. In anticipation of a country-wide deployment of Pyrethroid-treated nets for control of mosquito-borne diseases in Nigeria, this study assessed susceptibility of Culex quinquefasciatus Say. (Diptera: Culicidae) to Pyrethroids in Owhelogbo, Ejeme and Oria-Abraka communities in Delta State, Niger-Delta, Nigeria. Three to five day old Cx. quinquefasciatus were exposed to Deltamethrin (0.05%), Permethrin (0.75%), and Alphacypermethrin (0.05%) using World Health Organization bioassay method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed in characterization of species and knockdown mutation. Results revealed that Cx. quinquefasciatus were generally susceptible (98-100%) to Deltamethrin, Permethrin, and Alphacypermethrin in the three communities with the exception of Owhelogbo where resistance to Deltamethrin (97%) was suspected. Knockdown time to Deltamethrin (11.51, 11.23, and 12.68 min), Permethrin (28.75, 13.26, and 14.49 min), and Alphacypermethrin (15.07, 12.50, and 13.03 min) were considerably low for Owhelogbo, Ejeme, and Oria-Abraka Cx. quinquefasciatus populations, respectively. Species identification result showed that all amplified samples were Cx. quinquefasciatus; however, no kdr allele was found in the three populations. Deployment of pyrethroid-treated nets for control of mosquito-borne diseases in Niger-Delta region of Nigeria is capable of reducing burden of diseases transmitted by Cx. quinquefasciatus as well as addressing nuisance value of the vector; however, caution must be entertained so as not to increase selection pressure thereby aiding resistance development.

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