Particulate Emissions from Hydrogen Diesel Fuelled CI Engines

2018 ◽  
pp. 199-211
Author(s):  
Priybrat Sharma ◽  
Atul Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Ci Engines

Particulate Emissions From Karanja Biodiesel Fueled Turbocharged CRDI Sports Utility Vehicle Engine

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai Gopal Gupta ◽  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal ◽  
Suresh K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Particulate Number ◽  
Ci Engines ◽  
Utility Vehicle

Biodiesel has emerged as one of the most promising alternative fuel to mineral diesel in last two decades globally. Lower blends of biodiesel emit fewer pollutants, while easing pressure on scarce petroleum resources, without sacrificing engine power output and fuel economy. However, diesel engines emit significant amount of particulate matter (PM), most of which are nanoparticles. Due to the adverse health impact of PM emitted by compression ignition (CI) engines; most recent emission legislations restrict the total number of particles emitted, in addition to PM mass emissions. Use of biodiesel leads to reduction in PM mass emissions; however, the particle size–numbers distribution has not been investigated thoroughly. In this paper, PM emission characteristics from Karanja biodiesel blends (KB20 and KB40) in a modern common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine used in a sports utility vehicle (SUV) with a maximum fuel injection pressure of 1600 bar have been reported. This study also explored comparative effect of varying engine speeds and loads on particulate size–number distribution, particle size–surface area distribution, and total particulate number concentration from biodiesel blends vis-à-vis baseline mineral diesel. This study showed that particulate number emissions from Karanja biodiesel blends were relatively higher than baseline mineral diesel.

Particulate emissions from biodiesel fuelled CI engines

2015 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 311-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal ◽  
Tarun Gupta ◽  
Pravesh C. Shukla ◽  
Atul Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Ci Engines

Biodiesel Spray Characteristics and Their Effect on Engine Combustion and Particulate Emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhilendra Pratap Singh ◽  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Spray Parameters ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Ci Engines

Abstract Spray analysis is used to characterize the fuel spray evolution and spray shape, which affects in-cylinder combustion and particulate emission characteristics of compression ignition (CI) engines. In this study, spray evolution of biodiesel blends and mineral diesel was captured using a high-speed charge coupled device (CCD) camera at different fuel injection pressures (FIPs) and ambient pressures (APs) in a constant volume spray chamber (CVSC). Results showed that spray parameters were significantly affected by FIP and AP. Higher FIPs resulted in longer fuel spray penetration length (Ls) and reduced spray cone angle (As). However, AP variation showed an exactly opposite trend of Ls and As. Increasing AP resulted in shorter Ls and increased As. Fuel properties also affected the spray characteristics, which slightly improved for lower biodiesel blends (B20: 20% v/v blend of biodiesel with mineral diesel) and then degraded for higher biodiesel blends (B40: 40% v/v blend of biodiesel with mineral diesel) with respect to baseline mineral diesel. The effects of these findings of fuel spray analysis were validated using engine experiments, which were performed in a single-cylinder research engine using identical test fuels and fuel injection parameters. Relatively superior combustion of B20-fueled engine and lower particulate emissions at higher FIPs showed good agreement with spray results.

scholarly journals Thermal efficiency and emission characteristics of a diesel-hydrogen dual fuel CI engine at various loads condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Yanuandri Putrasari ◽  
Achmad Praptijanto ◽  
Arifin Nur ◽  
Widodo Budi Santoso ◽  
Mulia Pratama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Ci Engines

Efforts to find alternative fuels and reduce emissions of CI engines have been conducted, one of which is the use of diesel hydrogen dual fuel. One of the goals of using hydrogen in dual-fuel combustion systems is to reduce particulate emissions and increase engine power. This study investigates the thermal efficiency and emission characteristics of a diesel-hydrogen dual fuel CI engine at various loads condition. The hydrogen was used as a secondary fuel in a single cylinder 667 cm3 diesel engine. The hydrogen was supplied to intake manifold by fumigation method, and diesel was injected directly into the combustion chamber. The results show that the performance test yielding an increase around 10% in the value of thermal efficiency of diesel engines with the addition of hydrogen either at 2000 or 2500 rpm. Meanwhile, emission analyses show that the addition of hydrogen at 2000 and 2500 rpm lead to the decrease of NOx value up to 43%. Furthermore, the smokeless emissions around 0% per kWh were occurred by hydrogen addition at 2000 and 2500 rpm of engine speeds with load operation under 20 Nm.

The Morphology and Crystallography of Diesel Particulate Emissions

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
R. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Amorphous Carbon Films ◽  
Turbostratic Carbon ◽  
Diesel Particles ◽  
Tem Mode ◽  
Exhaust Stream ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

A study has been made of the morphology and crystallography of particulate emissions from indirect injection diesel engines. This particulate matter consists substantially of carbon (although hydrocarbons can be extracted with solvents). Samples were collected in a diluted exhaust stream on amorphous carbon films and examined in a JEM-200C electron microscope operated in the TEM mode with an accelerating voltage of 200 KV.The morphology of the diesel particles, as shown in Fig. 1, markedly resembles carbon blacks and consists of an agglomeration of quasispherical subunits arranged in chains or clusters. Only limited changes in morphology were observed as the number of subunits in the particle increased (although larger particles tended to be more cluster-like than the extended chain shown in Fig. 1). However, a dramatic effect of the number of subunits was observed on the character of the diffraction pattern. Smaller particles yielded a diffraction pattern consisting of very diffuse rings typical of turbostratic carbon; the diffraction patterns from the larger particles, however, although qualitatively similar, exhibited much sharper and less diffuse ring patterns.

Particulate emissions from a modern wood stove – Influence of KCl

2021 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 1215-1227
Author(s):  
Yifan Du ◽  
Weigang Lin ◽  
Peter Glarborg
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Wood Stove

scholarly journals Particulate emissions of heavy duty diesel engines measured from the tailpipe and the dilution tunnel

2021 ◽  
pp. 105799
Author(s):  
Sheng Su ◽  
Tao Lv ◽  
Yitu Lai ◽  
Jinsong Mu ◽  
Yunshan Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Mapping the combustion modes of a dual-fuel compression ignition engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110183
Author(s):  
Jonathan Martin ◽  
André Boehman
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Combustion Modes ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Dual Fuel Combustion ◽  
Soot Emissions ◽  
Ci Engines

Compression-ignition (CI) engines can produce higher thermal efficiency (TE) and thus lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions than spark-ignition (SI) engines. Unfortunately, the overall fuel economy of CI engine vehicles is limited by their emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot, which must be mitigated with costly, resource- and energy-intensive aftertreatment. NOx and soot could also be mitigated by adding premixed gasoline to complement the conventional, non-premixed direct injection (DI) of diesel fuel in CI engines. Several such “dual-fuel” combustion modes have been introduced in recent years, but these modes are usually studied individually at discrete conditions. This paper introduces a mapping system for dual-fuel CI modes that links together several previously studied modes across a continuous two-dimensional diagram. This system includes the conventional diesel combustion (CDC) and conventional dual-fuel (CDF) modes; the well-explored advanced combustion modes of HCCI, RCCI, PCCI, and PPCI; and a previously discovered but relatively unexplored combustion mode that is herein titled “Piston-split Dual-Fuel Combustion” or PDFC. Tests show that dual-fuel CI engines can simultaneously increase TE and lower NOx and/or soot emissions at high loads through the use of Partial HCCI (PHCCI). At low loads, PHCCI is not possible, but either PDFC or RCCI can be used to further improve NOx and/or soot emissions, albeit at slightly lower TE. These results lead to a “partial dual-fuel” multi-mode strategy of PHCCI at high loads and CDC at low loads, linked together by PDFC. Drive cycle simulations show that this strategy, when tuned to balance NOx and soot reductions, can reduce engine-out CO2 emissions by about 1% while reducing NOx and soot by about 20% each with respect to CDC. This increases emissions of unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC), still in a treatable range (2.0 g/kWh) but five times as high as CDC, requiring changes in aftertreatment strategy.

scholarly journals Use of diesel and emulsified diesel in CI engine: A comparative analysis of engine characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110209
Author(s):  
Zain Ul Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Muhammad Asim ◽  
Ali Hussain Kazim ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Injection Methods ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Ci Engines

Despite a number of efforts to evaluate the utility of water-diesel emulsions (WED) in CI engine to improve its performance and reduce its emissions in search of alternative fuels to combat the higher prices and depleting resources of fossil fuels, no consistent results are available. Additionally, the noise emissions in the case of WED are not thoroughly discussed which motivated this research to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of WED. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were calculated at 1600 rpm within 15%–75% of the load range. Similarly, the contents of NOx, CO, and HC, and level of noise and smoke were measured varying the percentage of water from 2% to 10% gradually for all values of loads. BTE in the case of water emulsified diesel was decreased gradually as the percentage of water increased accompanied by a gradual increase in BSFC. Thus, WED10 showed a maximum 13.08% lower value of BTE while BSFC was increased by 32.28%. However, NOx emissions (21.8%) and smoke (48%) were also reduced significantly in the case of WED10 along with an increase in the emissions of HC and CO and noise. The comparative analysis showed that the emulsified diesel can significantly reduce the emission of NOx and smoke, but it has a negative impact on the performance characteristics and HC, CO, and noise emissions which can be mitigated by trying more fuels variations such as biodiesel and using different water injection methods to decrease dependency on fossil fuels and improve the environmental impacts of CI engines.

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