Livelihood Impacts of Climate Change and Extreme Events

2019 ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luni Piya ◽  
Keshav Lall Maharjan ◽  
Niraj Prakash Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

scholarly journals Climate Change Impacts on a Tropical Fishery Ecosystem: Implications and Societal Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 7970
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahmudul Islam ◽  
Naimul Islam ◽  
Ahasan Habib ◽  
Mohammad Mojibul Hoque Mozumder
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The present study aimed to map out the current threats and anticipated impacts of climate change on the most important hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) fishery and the associated fishing communities based on fieldwork in six coastal fishing communities. To collect empirical data, individual interviews, focus group discussions, oral history, and key informant interviews were conducted. To supplement the empirical findings, time-series data of cyclones and sea-borne depressions in the Bay of Bengal were also analyzed. Analysis of secondary data regarding climate change-induced events and regional studies suggested that the biophysical conditions of the Bay of Bengal are likely to be aggravated in the future, potentially causing more frequent extreme events and affecting the livelihoods of coastal fishing communities in Bangladesh. The fisher respondents revealed that the main target hilsa shad fishery is particularly vulnerable to climate change in terms of alterations to migration patterns and breeding and growth performance. The fishers reported constant climate-related risks because they live in seafront locations, exposed to extreme events, and their occupation entails risky sea fishing. Fishers claimed that they often need return to the coast due to unsuitable weather conditions related to cyclones and frequent tropical depressions, which can cause financial losses or even causalities. Such events negatively affect fishers’ livelihoods, and wellbeing. To cope with the impacts of climate change the fishers have adopted various strategies at both sea fishing and household levels. However, these strategies only support the fishers in terms of immediate survival; they are not enough for long-term resilience. To improve the resilience of the hilsa fishers, the study argues for the implementation the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines (SSF Guidelines), which call for longer-term development goals, including in the immediate relief phase, and rehabilitation, reconstruction, and recovery to reduce vulnerabilities to climate and anthropogenic risks.

Advancing Climate Change Adaptation: Borrowing from the Natural Hazard Research (NHR) Tradition in Geography

2016 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 1602001
Author(s):  
Monalisa Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Climate Events ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Extreme events have widespread impact on human and natural systems, and the response to such extreme events is examined by several academic and practicing communities. For decades, the Natural Hazard Research (NHR) tradition in geography, led by White and expanded by scholars like Mitchell, have looked at possibilities of blending and applying technological fixes and societal adjustments to reduce the risk of losses from extreme events. While knowledge about potential impacts of climate change related to extreme events has grown substantially, the consolidation of knowledge to plan for and respond to extreme climate events in the short and long terms has only begun in the past few years. These scholars have emphasized the importance of context, understanding and including the broader range of options, and systematic study of past experiences to elicit knowledge pertaining to effective societal responses to extreme events. Such lessons from the NHR tradition and the works of Mitchell are key to finding the way forward with climate change adaptation.

Implications of extreme temperatures and socio-economic development on power markets’ peak demand across the world

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Colelli ◽  
Enrica De Cian ◽  
Malcolm Mistry ◽  
Irene Mammi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Power Markets ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Peak Demand ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

<p><strong>Relevance:</strong> Extreme temperature events, both heatwaves and cold spells, can put pressure on power systems’ reliability by pushing power demand to record highs. Within the literature assessing the impacts of climate change on the energy sector,  gathering new evidence on the drivers of peak load is a pressing issue for multiple reasons. First, peaks in power load must be accommodated by exceptional ramp-up requirements of power generating units, so that in the future adapting to climate change may involve the construction of plentiful under-utilized peak generation plants, putting pressures on the decarbonization goals and increasing stranded assets risks. Furthermore, peak load shocks induced by extreme temperatures can coincide with reduced transmission and distribution capacity, further challenging the operation of electricity grids [1].</p><p>Both the empirical and modeling literature assessing the impacts of climate change on the energy sector have generally focused on aggregated electricity demand rather than on its peaks. Few available empirical studies  investigate how extreme events can affect peak demand focus on industrialized countries and estimate reduced-form models, that hold adaptation, economic growth, technology, and current infrastructure constant [2,3]. Our paper aims to fill this gap by identifying if and how climatic and socio-economic drivers can affect the magnitude of the peak load response to extreme weather events.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> We assess these interrelated dynamics by exploiting high-frequency power demand data collected from load balancing authorities. Specifically, we assemble a novel dataset spanning for the last two decades across more than 100 power markets, comprising both countries (European Member States, Asian and African countries) and large sub-national regions (power markets in Japan, Australia and Russia and Federal States or Provinces in the US, Canada, Brazil and India). The dataset includes: i) daily peak and total load; ii) daily population-weighted exposure to weather from 3 hourly near surface temperature data at 0.25 degrees gridded resolution; iii) quarterly and yearly regional statistics and indicators on demography, economy, education and innovation. We investigate how daily peak load responds to extreme temperatures by adopting a suite of time-series and panel econometric methods that fully exploit the high-frequency and sub-national disaggregation of our dataset.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Utilizing the innovative methodological framework proposed, we: i) identify how peak load responds to temperature extremes in different regions; ii) test if and how such response can be modulated by regional climatic and socio-economic characteristics; iii) derive cost implications due to the amplification of peak demand deriving from future increases in the intensity and frequency of extreme events.</p><p>References:</p><p>[1] Yalew, S. G., van Vliet, M. T., Gernaat, D. E., Ludwig, F., Miara, A., Park, C., ... & Van Vuuren, D. P. (2020). Nature Energy, 5(10), 794-802.</p><p>[2] Auffhammer, M., Baylis, P., & Hausman, C. H. (2017). PNAS, 114(8), 1886-1891.</p><p>[3] Wenz, L., Levermann, A., & Auffhammer, M. (2017). PNAS, 114(38), E7910-E7918.</p>

scholarly journals Perceived Impacts of Climate Change on Economic Activities and Adaptation Strategies: A Case Study from Cold Desert of Ladakh, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-210
Author(s):  
Tsering Tashi ◽  
Falendra Kumar Sudan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cold Desert ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

This paper aims at identifying the perception of local indigenous Peoples' living in the cold desert area of Nubra valley (Ladakh), India, on climate variability resulting in extreme events such as floods and cloudbursts and their impacts on various economic activities such as agricultural productivity, land degradation, soil erosion, water availability, and forest resources. It also aims to ascertain the vulnerability of the key sectors such as forest, agriculture and water sources, and local adaptation strategies to adapt to climate variability and extreme events. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select the sample size. The study is based on the primary data and information collected from 288 sample households in three blocks i.e., Diskit, Panamik, and Turtuk through semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussions, and PRI tools. Study findings revealed that more than 90 percent of overall households' respondents of three blocks observed that temperature has been increased and low rainfall/snowfall over the last three decades. The result showed that the majority of respondents admitted that land degradation, severe soil erosion and shortage of water, low agricultural productivity, and decline in forest resources are major climate related problems due to low rainfall/snowfall, increase temperature, and natural disasters. To alleviate these problems, local people have implemented various adaptation strategies such as mixed farming, more plantations of trees, organic farming, and changing crop patterns. The policy recommendations for appropriate adaptation strategies are in consideration with the knowledge of local indigenous peoples and their perception of climate change. The study could be helpful to policymakers to design appropriate adaptation strategies to cope up with the impacts of climate change.

Farming Adaptations to the Impacts of Climate Change and Extreme Events in Pacific Island Countries

2017 ◽  
pp. 852-875
Author(s):  
Viliamu Iese ◽  
Joseph Maeke ◽  
Elisabeth Holland ◽  
Morgan Wairiu ◽  
Sumeet Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Farmers in Pacific Islands' communities are considered to be most vulnerable to the impacts of increased temperature, sea-level rise, droughts, cyclones, and heavy rainfall. Farmers living on a raised atoll in the Solomon Islands (Bellona) were interviewed to understand their perceptions and experiences on the impacts of climate change and extreme events on their crops. Some examples of damage and impacts according to the farmers included rotting of roots, damage to leaves and branches, and destruction of fruits and valuable yields. Interviews also revealed that the ability of farmers to recover after disasters was dependent on their pre-disaster conditions, number and varieties of crops they had planted, type of cropping system in use, and consistent use of simple, traditional, and innovative adaptive techniques. Such techniques included crop rotation, change of planting and harvesting dates, and the planting of new resilient varieties.

Farming Adaptations to the Impacts of Climate Change and Extreme Events in Pacific Island Countries

2014 ◽  
pp. 166-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viliamu Iese ◽  
Joseph Maeke ◽  
Elisabeth Holland ◽  
Morgan Wairiu ◽  
Sumeet Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Farmers in Pacific Islands' communities are considered to be most vulnerable to the impacts of increased temperature, sea-level rise, droughts, cyclones, and heavy rainfall. Farmers living on a raised atoll in the Solomon Islands (Bellona) were interviewed to understand their perceptions and experiences on the impacts of climate change and extreme events on their crops. Some examples of damage and impacts according to the farmers included rotting of roots, damage to leaves and branches, and destruction of fruits and valuable yields. Interviews also revealed that the ability of farmers to recover after disasters was dependent on their pre-disaster conditions, number and varieties of crops they had planted, type of cropping system in use, and consistent use of simple, traditional, and innovative adaptive techniques. Such techniques included crop rotation, change of planting and harvesting dates, and the planting of new resilient varieties.

The economywide impacts of climate change on Philippine agriculture

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change
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