scholarly journals Indian Ocean Warming

2020 ◽  
pp. 191-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Roxy ◽  
C. Gnanaseelan ◽  
Anant Parekh ◽  
Jasti S. Chowdary ◽  
Shikha Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Indian Ocean Warming ◽  
The Future

Abstract Sea surface temperature (SST) and upper ocean heat content (OHC, upper 700 m) in the tropical Indian Ocean underwent rapid warming during 1950–2015, with the SSTs showing an average warming of about 1 °C. The SST and OHC trends are very likely to continue in the future, under different emission scenarios. Climate models project a rise in tropical Indian Ocean SST by 1.2–1.6 °C and 1.6–2.7 °C in the near (2040–2069) and far (2070–2099) future across greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, relative to the reference period of 1976–2005. Indian Ocean warming has very likely resulted in decreasing trend in oxygen (O2) concentrations in the tropical Indian Ocean, and declining trends in pH and marine phytoplankton over the western Indian Ocean. The observed trends in O2, pH and marine phytoplankton are projected to increase in the future with continued GHG emissions.

scholarly journals A New Type of the Indian Ocean Dipole since the Mid-1970s

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 959-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Du ◽  
Wenju Cai ◽  
Yanling Wu
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Austral Winter ◽  
Indian Ocean Warming ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Abstract The tropical Indian Ocean dipole/zonal mode (IOD) is phase locked with the austral winter and spring seasons. This study describes three types of the IOD in terms of their peak time and duration. In particular, the authors focus on a new type that develops in May–June and matures in July–August, which is distinctively different from the canonical IOD, which may develop later and peak in September–November or persist from June to November. Such “unseasonable” IOD events are only observed since the mid-1970s, a period after which the tropical Indian Ocean has a closer relationship with the Pacific Ocean. The unseasonable IOD is an intrinsic mode of the Indian Ocean and occurs without an ensuing El Niño. A change in winds along the equator is identified as a major forcing. The wind change is in turn related to a weakening Walker circulation in the Indian Ocean sector in austral winter, which is in part forced by the rapid Indian Ocean warming. Thus, although the occurrence of the unseasonable IOD may be partially influenced by oceanic variability, the authors’ results suggest an influence from the Indian Ocean warming. This suggestion, however, awaits further investigation using fully coupled climate models.

Indo-Pacific climate during the decaying phase of the 2015/16 El Niño: role of southeast tropical Indian Ocean warming

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 4707-4719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zesheng Chen ◽  
Yan Du ◽  
Zhiping Wen ◽  
Renguang Wu ◽  
Chunzai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Indian Ocean Warming

Tropical Indian Ocean Basin Warming and East Asian Summer Monsoon: A Multiple AGCM Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 6080-6088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuanglin Li ◽  
Jian Lu ◽  
Gang Huang ◽  
Kaiming Hu
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Indian Ocean Warming ◽  
Asian Summer

Abstract A basin-scale warming is the leading mode of tropical Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) variability on interannual time scales, and it is also the prominent feature of the interdecadal SST trend in recent decades. The influence of the warming on the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is investigated through ensemble experiments of several atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The results from five AGCMs consistently suggest that near the surface, the Indian Ocean warming forces an anticyclonic anomaly over the subtropical western Pacific, intensifying the southwesterly winds to East China; and in the upper troposphere, it forces a Gill-type response with the intensified South Asian high, both favoring the enhancement of the EASM. These processes are argued to contribute to the stronger EASM during the summer following the peak of El Niño than monsoons in other years. These model results also suggest that tropical Indian Ocean warming may not have a causal relationship to the synchronous weakening of EASM on interdecadal time scales.

scholarly journals Monsoon-Induced Biases of Climate Models over the Tropical Indian Ocean*

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 3058-3072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Li ◽  
Shang-Ping Xie ◽  
Yan Du
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
Ocean Temperature ◽  
Common Error ◽  
Easterly Wind ◽  
Subsurface Ocean ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mean State

Abstract Long-standing biases of climate models limit the skills of climate prediction and projection. Overlooked are tropical Indian Ocean (IO) errors. Based on the phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) multimodel ensemble, the present study identifies a common error pattern in climate models that resembles the IO dipole (IOD) mode of interannual variability in nature, with a strong equatorial easterly wind bias during boreal autumn accompanied by physically consistent biases in precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST), and subsurface ocean temperature. The analyses show that such IOD-like biases can be traced back to errors in the South Asian summer monsoon. A southwest summer monsoon that is too weak over the Arabian Sea generates a warm SST bias over the western equatorial IO. In boreal autumn, Bjerknes feedback helps amplify the error into an IOD-like bias pattern in wind, precipitation, SST, and subsurface ocean temperature. Such mean state biases result in an interannual IOD variability that is too strong. Most models project an IOD-like future change for the boreal autumn mean state in the global warming scenario, which would result in more frequent occurrences of extreme positive IOD events in the future with important consequences to Indonesia and East Africa. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) characterizes this future IOD-like projection in the mean state as robust based on consistency among models, but the authors’ results cast doubts on this conclusion since models with larger IOD amplitude biases tend to produce stronger IOD-like projected changes in the future.

scholarly journals Opposite Annular Responses of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres to Indian Ocean Warming

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 3720-3738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuanglin Li ◽  
Judith Perlwitz ◽  
Martin P. Hoerling ◽  
Xiaoting Chen
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Boreal Winter ◽  
Annular Mode ◽  
Indian Ocean Warming ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Abstract Atmospheric circulation changes during boreal winter of the second half of the twentieth century exhibit a trend toward the positive polarity of both the Northern Hemisphere annular mode (NAM) and the Southern Hemisphere annular mode (SAM). This has occurred in concert with other trends in the climate system, most notably a warming of the Indian Ocean. This study explores whether the tropical Indian Ocean warming played a role in forcing these annular trends. Five different atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) are forced with an idealized, transient warming of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA); the results of this indicate that the warming contributed to the annular trend in the NH but offset the annular trend in SH. The latter result implies that the Indian Ocean warming may have partly cancelled the influence of the stratospheric ozone depletion over the southern polar area, which itself forced a trend toward the positive phase of the SAM. Diagnosis of the physical mechanisms for the annular responses indicates that the direct impact of the diabatic heating induced by the Indian Ocean warming does not account for the annular response in the extratropics. Instead, interactions between the forced stationary wave anomalies and transient eddies is key for the formation of annular structures.

scholarly journals Tropical Indian Ocean warming contributions to China winter climate trends since 1960

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 2965-2987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qigang Wu ◽  
Yonghong Yao ◽  
Shizuo Liu ◽  
DanDan Cao ◽  
Luyao Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Indian Ocean Warming
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