scholarly journals Diabetes and Rheumatology

2021 ◽  
pp. 445-460
Author(s):  
Alaa Monjed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Insulin Deficiency ◽  
Pancreatic Insulin ◽  
Rheumatic Manifestations ◽  
Microvascular And Macrovascular Complications

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycaemia that happens as a result of a pancreatic insulin deficiency and/or insulin resistance. Its morbidity and mortality are primarily related to the resultant microvascular and macrovascular complications. Its prevalence has grown widely, which will result in higher rates of diabetic complications including rheumatic manifestations.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity and Mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
Tatyana Chalakova ◽  
Yoto Yotov ◽  
Kaloyan Tzotchev ◽  
Sonya Galcheva ◽  
Boyan Balev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Risk

: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease that starts early in life and often leads to micro- and macrovascular complications. The incidence of the disease is lower than that of type 2 DM and varies in different countries and ethnic groups, and the etiological and pathogenetic factors are different from T2DM. The aim of this overview is to investigate the effect of T1DM on all-cause mortality and CVD morbidity and mortality. During the last decades, the treatment of T1DM has improved the prognosis of the patients. Still, the mortality rates are higher than those of the age- and sex-matched general population. With the prolonged survival, the macrovascular complications and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) appear as major health problems in the management of patients with T1DM. The studies on the CVD morbidity and mortality in this disease group are sparse, but they reveal that T1DM is associated with at least 30% higher mortality. In comparison to healthy people, CVDs are more common in T1DM patients and they occur earlier in life. : Furthermore, they are a major cause for death and impaired quality of life in T1DM patients. The correlation between diabetic control and the duration of T1DM is not always present or is insignificant. Nevertheless, the early detection of the preclinical stages of the diseases and the risk factors for their development is important; similarly, the efforts to improve glycemic and metabolic control are of paramount importance.

scholarly journals AMPK signaling in diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and diabetic complications: A pre-clinical and clinical investigation

2022 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 112563
Author(s):  
Maliheh Entezari ◽  
Danial Hashemi ◽  
Afshin Taheriazam ◽  
Amirhossein Zabolian ◽  
Shima Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Ampk Signaling

scholarly journals COVID-19 & OBESITY: BEYOND BMI

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 923-925
Author(s):  
Karl Z. Nadolsky ◽  
Daniel L. Hurley ◽  
W. Timothy Garvey
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
End Stage

The pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has triggered an international crisis resulting in excess morbidity and mortality with adverse societal, economic, and geopolitical consequences. Like other disease states, there are patient characteristics that impact clinical risk and determine the spectrum of severity. Obesity, or adiposity-based chronic disease, has emerged as an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19. It is imperative to further stratify risk in patients with obesity to determine optimal mitigation and perhaps therapeutic preparedness strategies. We suspect that insulin resistance is an important pathophysiologic cause of poor outcomes in patients with obesity and COVID-19 independent of body mass index. This explains the association of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HTN), and cardiovascular disease with poor outcomes since insulin resistance is the main driver of both dysglycemia-based chronic disease and cardiometabolic-based chronic disease towards end-stage disease manifestations. Staging the severity of adiposity-related disease in a “complication-centric” manner (HTN, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, T2DM, obstructive sleep apnea, etc.) among different ethnic groups in patients with COVID-19 should help predict the adverse risk of adiposity on patient health in a pragmatic and actionable manner during this pandemic.

scholarly journals Insulin Resistance Markers in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Larisa Bîcu ◽  
Daniel Bîcu ◽  
Mihaela Ionela Vladu ◽  
Diana Clenciu ◽  
Ana Maria Cristina Chirila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp ◽  
Current Medical Practice ◽  
Type 1 Dm

Abstract Insulin resistance (IR) is a fundamental disorder of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM), but it is also involved in the etiopathogenesis of type 1 DM, with important implications in the onset and progression of micro- and macrovascular complications in type 1 DM. Overweight plays the main role in the increased incidence of both types of DM, exacerbating IR. The epidemic increase of overweight and obesity makes it difficult to diagnose the exact phenotype of DM, as IR and autoimmunity often coexist. Many studies showed an increase in incidence of micro- and macrovascular complications in patients with type 1 DM with IR, compared to patients with type 1 DM without IR. The gold standard of IR evaluation is represented by the method of euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, applied on a reduced scale in research. Thus, it is necessary to identify early IR markers (clinical or biological markers), less laboured ones, that could be used on a large scale in current medical practice, for the IR determination in type 1 DM. Clinicians and health experts should prevent/ reduce the epidemic of overweight and obesity in young people, thus decreasing IR, and implicitly the chronic complications of DM.

Associations Between Antidepressant Use and Advanced Diabetes Outcomes in Patients with Depression and Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Shin Wu ◽  
Le-Yin Hsu ◽  
Yi-Jiun Pan ◽  
Shi-Heng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Tetracyclic Antidepressants ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Antidepressant Use

Abstract Context Comorbid depression in patients with diabetes deteriorates the prognosis. Antidepressants might attenuate the adverse effects of depression; however, they are associated with cardiometabolic adverse effects. Objective This study aimed to explore the association between antidepressant treatment and advanced diabetic complications and mortality among patients with depression and diabetes mellitus. Methods We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study of 36 276 patients with depression and newly treated diabetes mellitus using Taiwan’s universal health insurance database. Antidepressant treatment patterns within a 6-month window were classified into none, poor, partial, and regular use, and we accounted for time-dependent variables in the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with adjustment for time-dependent comorbidity and concomitant use of medications. Different classes of antidepressants were compared. Macro- and microvascular complications, as well as all-cause mortality, were the main outcomes. Benzodiazepines were chosen as negative control exposure. Results Compared with poor use of antidepressants, regular use was associated with a 0.92-fold decreased risk of macrovascular complications and a 0.86-fold decreased risk of all-cause mortality but not associated with microvascular complications. Regular use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors was associated with a 0.83- and 0.75-fold decreased risk of macrovascular complications and all-cause mortality, respectively. Regular use of tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressants was associated with a 0.78-fold decreased risk of all-cause mortality. Regular use of benzodiazepine showed no association with diabetic outcomes. Conclusion Regular antidepressant use was associated with lower risk of advanced diabetic complications compared with poor adherence. Clinicians should emphasize antidepressant treatment adherence among patients with depression and diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Mushrooms of the Genus Ganoderma Used to Treat Diabetes and Insulin Resistance

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 4075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wińska ◽  
Wanda Mączka ◽  
Klaudia Gabryelska ◽  
Małgorzata Grabarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Conventional Therapy ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Mechanism Study ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Natural Substances

Pharmacotherapy using natural substances can be currently regarded as a very promising future alternative to conventional therapy of diabetes mellitus, especially in the case of chronic disease when the body is no longer able to produce adequate insulin or when it cannot use the produced insulin effectively. This minireview summarizes the perspectives, recent advances, and major challenges of medicinal mushrooms from Ganoderma genus with reference to their antidiabetic activity. The most active ingredients of those mushrooms are polysaccharides and triterpenoids. We hope this review can offer some theoretical basis and inspiration for the mechanism study of the bioactivity of those compounds.

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