scholarly journals Introduction: Real Estate Tax System and Real Estate Market in Japan

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Yoshiro Higano
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Asset Valuation ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Real Estate Tax ◽  
Social Logic

AbstractThis introduction summarizes chapters of Part II. In Chap. 10.1007/978-981-15-8848-8_9, Yamamoto (Jpn J Real Estate Sci 31:88–96, 2018) has compared between the street method, the asset valuation adopted for the imposition of property tax in Japan, and the computer-assisted mass appraisal (CAMA) method generally adopted in North America focusing on education and training of valuators. In Chap. 10.1007/978-981-15-8848-8_10, Yamazaki (Jpn J Real Estate Sci 31:97–101, 2018) argues that one of the major causes for relatively low density use of land in the city in Japan is the land tax system. He focuses on property tax and examines defects of the tax from view of economist. In Chap. 10.1007/978-981-15-8848-8_11, Kobayashi (Jpn J Real Estate Sci 31:129–138, 2018), taking an actual example, has examined difference between precise legal interpretation of ‘exemption from real estate acquisition tax due to purpose of use’ and taxation practices conducted by local administrative bodies. In Chap. 10.1007/978-981-15-8848-8_12, Shirakawa and Okoshi (Jpn J Real Estate Sci 31:88–96, 2017) have shown that the real estate companies were committed to transactions as dual agencies to whatsoever degree, and analyzed attributes of real estate brokerage companies which are able to be dual agencies and how such dual agency affects contract price.In Chap. 10.1007/978-981-15-8848-8_13, Ueno (Jpn J Real Estate Sci 31:97–105, 2017) has analyzed impacts of the macroeconomic conditions on the land price gradient curves which are estimated using real estate data of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area in 1970, 1976, 1985, 1988, 1994, 2008, 2010, and 2016. In Chap. 10.1007/978-981-15-8848-8_14, Komatsu (Jpn J Real Estate Sci 31:110–118, 2017) has analyzed impacts that refurbishment of existing apartment has on possible increase in rent using the multinomial probit model and the Tobit model. In Chap. 10.1007/978-981-15-8848-8_15, Hanazato (Jpn J Real Estate Sci 31:119–128, 2017) has shown that around 90% of condominium reconstruction cases are predictable using the estimated discriminant function in terms of objective real estate data only. In Chap. 10.1007/978-981-15-8848-8_16, Ota et al. (Jpn J Real Estate Sci 31:109–119, 2018) have analyzed determinants of rent for rental house, office, and shop within 10-min walking distance from Shibuya Station in Tokyo. Multiple regression analyses are conducted and have shown that space syntax (SS) measures (Hillier and Hanson, The Social Logic of Space. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1984) significantly affect rent as well as conventional location attributes.

Comparative analysis of the real estate taxation basics in the Russian Federation and foreign countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 (11) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
A.M. Lelyuhina ◽  
М.V. Litvinenko ◽  
O.V. Miklashevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Tax System ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Real Estate Valuation ◽  
Real Estate Tax ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Rational Construction ◽  
The Uk

The current issues of reforming the current tax system in the Russian Federation in the context of the transition to determining the amount of real estate taxes based on the cadastral value of real estate objects are discussed. The decision on adopting elements of a tax system in practice should be scientifically and methodologically based. The rational construction of the tax system of Russia contributes to the study of foreign tax systems’ models. In the article, the systems for calculating real estate tax established in the foreign countries under consideration are highlighted. Everything is based on analyzing the practice of real estate valuation in the UK, France, Belgium, Latvia, Finland, USA and Chile. A comparison is made of the grounds for calculating the property tax, their distinctive features. The main approaches to determining the cadastral value taking place in the cadastral systems of foreign countries are summarized. The conducted studies provide grounds for identifying trends in real estate valuation, which are being introduced into modern Russian cadastral valuation practice.

Czy budynek można uznać za budowlę w rozumieniu ustawy o podatkach i opłatach lokalnych? Glosa krytyczna do wyroku NSA z dnia 8 maja 2018 r., sygn. II FSK 1162/16

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 371-379
Author(s):  
Ewelina Bobrus-Nowińska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Language Interpretation ◽  
Real Estate Tax ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Correct Implementation

For correct implementation of the real estate tax, it is essential to properly qualify the object as a building or a structure. Currently, we are dealing with a precedent situation when the NSA and TK occupy opposite positions on this topic. The NSA indicates the factors, i.e. the purpose, equipment and the manner and possibilities of using this object as a whole. The Constitutional Tribunal emphasizes that the qualification of an object is determined solely by the features indicated directly in the provisions of the Act. It seems that in this case the only correct solution is to accept the position of the Constitutional Tribunal, according to which the language interpretation is decisive for the subject matter. As a result – an object can not be a building and a structure for the purposes of property tax, as they are separable definitions.

scholarly journals Economic Effects Real Estate Tax

ECONOMICS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Milan Tadić
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Estate Tax ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Real Estate Tax

Summary The real estate tax is usually a fiscal instrument which performs the property tax. When it comes to real property or immovable this term include: apartments, houses, land, cottages, excess housing landscape and more. The real estate tax as a form of the fiscal charges ownership or use of certain forms of real estate, and the revenue from this tax is levied on the area where the property is located regardless of the place of residence of its owner. The tax base for the calculation of this tax usually consists of the market, estimated or annuity value of certain real estate. This form of taxation in the Republic of Serbian applies from 1.1.2012., and its introduction has been replaced by former property taxes. The differences between the two concepts mentioned taxes are numerous and significant. Among the more important are: subject to taxation under the new concept of the real estate rather than law, a taxpayer is any property owner rather than the holder of rights to immovable property tax base is the market value of real estate which is replaced by the payment of taxes per square meter of usable area, the rate of property tax is determined local government, which can not be lower than 0.05% of the estimated value of the real estate nor higher than 0.5% of the appraised value of real estate. The last change, ie. The new law on Property Tax from 5.11.2015. was determined by the tax rate to 20%. The fact that local governments each of them determines the tax rate on real estate which range from high to low rates of multiple, makes this tax is progressive. Progression is particularly expressed in the distinction applied tax rates of developed and undeveloped municipalities, where we have a case that less developed tolerate a higher tax burden, which leads to negative economic effects. However, real estate tax has its own economic and social characteristics which must be aligned with the objectives of tax policy. This means that the real estate tax should be considered from the standpoint of the entire tax system and not from the standpoint of individual income tax forms.

scholarly journals Lack of Uniformity in the Israeli Property Tax System 1997–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Avi Perez
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Taxation System

There are two different forms of property tax systems: value-based tax, which is used in most countries of the world, and area-based tax, which is used mainly in Central and Eastern Europe and developing countries in Africa. Area-based property tax provides more stable and predictable budget revenues. It is simpler to administer and scores worse on equity grounds from the perspective of the ability-to-pay principle of taxation. Against this background, Israel’s property tax system, known as Arnona, is complex, spatially diversified, and causes a lack of uniformity that leads to tax distortion. This paper’s primary purpose is to identify the weaknesses of Israeli property tax from 1997 to 2017 and indicate how to improve the property tax system. This paper is based on case studies from four of the most important cities in Israel: Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, Haifa, and Beersheba, which have four different measurement methods for calculating property tax. Unique data were collected from the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. According to this analysis, it was found that there are substantial differences in property tax between the four cities over the two decades analyzed. The main weakness is the lack of uniformity of the taxation system; the solution is to unify the measurement of real estate area for tax purposes using drone technology.

Die Vermögensteuer – Ein Comeback in der Krise?

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gambke
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Green Party ◽  
Estate Tax ◽  
Inheritance Tax ◽  
Real Estate Tax ◽  
Public Debts

AbstractThis article describes the concept of a property levy („Vermögensabga be“) of the German Green Party in the context of other property related taxes such as real estate tax and inheritance tax. It explains the advantages of a property levy in contrast to a property tax. Moreover, the necessity to reduce public debts and to stop the unabated evolution of unequal property is outlined.

Introduction of a Local Real Estate Tax in Croatia: A Survey of Expert and Public Opinion

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
Helena Blažić ◽  
Hrvoje Šimović ◽  
Ana Štambuk
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Capital Income ◽  
Estate Tax ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
The Public ◽  
User Charges ◽  
Real Estate Tax ◽  
Model Support

This paper presents the results of surveys of both expert and public opinion regarding the introduction of a local real estate tax in Croatia. The methodology encompasses descriptive statistics and two models (the PLS-SEM and the binomial probit regression model). Support for the introduction of the real estate tax is stronger among the experts than the general public. However, the experts differ on professional lines, with faculty specialized in economics from departments of finance and accounting generally being against the tax. Both models reveal positive relationships between support for the tax and support for more equitable taxation. Meanwhile, the broader expert model is, besides profession and equity, also negatively influenced by attitudes in favour of lower taxation costs and positively influenced by attitudes in favour of property being an adequate indicator of ability to pay and of the need to tax capital income. The public opinion model is positively influenced by equity and negatively influenced by negative expectations about the abolition of existing real estate user charges and taxes. Work status is also relevant.

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