The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Tourism Industry: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 458-469
Author(s):  
Arnaldo Borges Pinheiro ◽  
Agostinho Sousa Pinto ◽  
António Abreu ◽  
Eusébio Costa ◽  
Isabel Borges
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals A bilingual systematic review of South Korean medical tourism: a need to rethink policy and priorities for public health?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Xu ◽  
Vidya Purushothaman ◽  
Raphael E. Cuomo ◽  
Tim K. Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Legislative History ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Tourism Policy ◽  
Google Search ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background In 2016, the “Act on Support for Overseas Expansion of Healthcare System and Attraction of International Patients” was enacted by the South Korean government in an attempt to accelerate growth of its medical tourism industry. However, only a few years after its implementation, the benefits are not well understood, nor have the positive or negative impacts of expanding Korea’s medical tourism sector been properly evaluated. Objective We aimed to systematically review and summarize existing literature describing South Korea’s medical tourism policy and legislative history, while also assessing the impact of this domestic policy approach on the country’s public health systems. Methods A bilingual systematic literature review was conducted per PRISMA guidelines for all South Korean medical tourism legislative and policy literature using MeSH terms and other related keywords in two academic databases, PubMed and JSTOR. Published studies were included if they directly addressed South Korean medical tourism policy. To supplement results from the peer-review, the grey literature was also searched using Google search engine for relevant policy documents, information from government websites, and national statistics on medical tourism-related data. Results This review included 14 peer-reviewed journal articles and 9 websites. The majority of literature focused on the legislative history of South Korea’s pro-medical tourism policy, economic considerations associated with industry growth, and the specific experiences of medical tourists. There was a lack of studies, analytical or commentary-based, conducting in-depth analysis of the healthcare impact of these policies or comparing benefits and costs compared to other medical tourism destinations. Proponents of medical tourism continue to advocate the government for increased deregulation and investment in the sector. Conclusion This systematic review suggests that policy decisions may prioritize economic growth offered by medical tourism over negative effects on the healthcare workforce, access and equity, and its potential to undermine Universal Health Coverage. South Korea continues to examine ways to further amend the Act and grow this sector, but these actions should be taken with caution by critically examining how other countries have adapted their policymaking based on the real-world costs associated with medical tourism.

scholarly journals Factors influencing sexual behaviour between tourists and tourism employees: A systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padam P Simkhada ◽  
Aditi Sharma ◽  
Edwin R Van Teijlingen ◽  
Rachel L Beanland
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Travel Medicine ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong> Increased travel abroad has a significant impact on the incidence and prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Previous reviews have focused on the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of tourists and acquisition of STIs. Less is known about the impact on tourism operators in countries visited by tourists.  The aim of this review is to ascertain factors influencing sexual behaviour between workers in the tourism industry and tourists; exploring the prevalence of sexual behaviour between the two populations, their perceptions of sexual risk while engaging in sexual activities and the knowledge of tourism operators regarding STIs.</p><p><strong><em>Methods:</em></strong> A systematic review was conducted. Database searches were performed in Medline/Ovid, EMBASE, Cochrane library and CINAHL for studies published between 2000 and March 2016. Grey literature searches were completed in the NHS database and Google Scholar between 2000 and December 2013. Papers were independently selected by two researchers. Data were extracted and critically appraised using a pre-designed extraction form and adapted CASP checklist.</p><p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong>The search identified 1,602 studies and 16 were included after review of the full text. Studies were conducted in nine countries. Findings suggest that STI knowledge, attitude and practice were fairly good among tourists and tourism workers, but there is a need for pre-travel advice for travellers, especially those travelling to low and middle-income countries. Greater importance was given to tourists than to tourism operators and locals interacting with tourists. Studies suggest that as a group both tourist and tourist workers were likely to engage in sexual activities. Overall, both condom use and STI screening were low, among tourists as well as tourism operators. Furthermore, studies reported links between drug and alcohol use and sexual behaviour and risk taking.</p><p><strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong><strong> </strong>Although less research appeared to have been conducted among tourism workers than tourists, it does demonstrate the need for education, training and promotion of travel medicine. STI screening, pre-travel advice, travel history in terms of contracting STIs and safe-sex awareness-raising are needed. More and better sexual health education and relevant tourism policies are needed globally. </p>

scholarly journals Impact of real-time use of artificial intelligence in improving adenoma detection during colonoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. E513-E521
Author(s):  
Munish Ashat ◽  
Jagpal Singh Klair ◽  
Dhruv Singh ◽  
Arvind Rangarajan Murali ◽  
Rajesh Krishnamoorthi
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Polyp Detection ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Adenoma Detection ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and study aims With the advent of deep neural networks (DNN) learning, the field of artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly evolving. Recent randomized controlled trials (RCT) have investigated the influence of integrating AI in colonoscopy and its impact on adenoma detection rates (ADRs) and polyp detection rates (PDRs). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to reliably assess if the impact is statistically significant enough to warrant the adoption of AI -assisted colonoscopy (AIAC) in clinical practice. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases and conference proceedings to identify RCTs that compared outcomes between AIAC and conventional colonoscopy (CC). The primary outcome was ADR. The secondary outcomes were PDR and total withdrawal time (WT). Results Six RCTs (comparing AIAC vs CC) with 5058 individuals undergoing average-risk screening colonoscopy were included in the meta-analysis. ADR was significantly higher with AIAC compared to CC (33.7 % versus 22.9 %; odds ratio (OR) 1.76, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.55–2.00; I2 = 28 %). Similarly, PDR was significantly higher with AIAC (45.6 % versus 30.6 %; OR 1.90, 95 %CI, 1.68–2.15, I2 = 0 %). The overall WT was higher for AIAC compared to CC (mean difference [MD] 0.46 (0.00–0.92) minutes, I2 = 94 %). Conclusions There is an increase in adenoma and polyp detection with the utilization of AIAC.

scholarly journals Approaching Patient-Clinician Relationships Issues Involving Artificial Intelligence Using Ethics of Care and Nursing Ethics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soaad Q. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Nursing Ethics ◽  
Medical Diagnoses ◽  
Key Players ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWith the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and its application within industries, there is no doubt that someday AI will be one of the key players in medical diagnoses, assessments and treatments. With the involvement of AI in health care and medicine comes concerns pertaining to its application, more specifically its impact on both patients and medical professionals. To further expand on the discussion, using ethics of care, literature and a systematic review, we will address the impact of allowing AI to guide clinicians with medical procedures and decisions. We will then argue that the impact of allowing AI to guide clinicians with medical procedures and decisions can hinder patient-clinician relationships, concluding with a discussion on the future of patient care and how ethics of care can be used to investigate issues within AI in medicine.

scholarly journals Clinical impact and quality of randomized controlled trials involving interventions evaluating artificial intelligence prediction tools: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhou ◽  
Zhi-hang Chen ◽  
Yi-heng Cao ◽  
Sui Peng
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Prediction Tools ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe evidence of the impact of traditional statistical (TS) and artificial intelligence (AI) tool interventions in clinical practice was limited. This study aimed to investigate the clinical impact and quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving interventions evaluating TS, machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) prediction tools. A systematic review on PubMed was conducted to identify RCTs involving TS/ML/DL tool interventions in the past decade. A total of 65 RCTs from 26,082 records were included. A majority of them had model development studies and generally good performance was achieved. The function of TS and ML tools in the RCTs mainly included assistive treatment decisions, assistive diagnosis, and risk stratification, but DL trials were only conducted for assistive diagnosis. Nearly two-fifths of the trial interventions showed no clinical benefit compared to standard care. Though DL and ML interventions achieved higher rates of positive results than TS in the RCTs, in trials with low risk of bias (17/65) the advantage of DL to TS was reduced while the advantage of ML to TS disappeared. The current applications of DL were not yet fully spread performed in medicine. It is predictable that DL will integrate more complex clinical problems than ML and TS tools in the future. Therefore, rigorous studies are required before the clinical application of these tools.

scholarly journals Technology and innovation: Changing concept of rural tourism – A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 737-752
Author(s):  
Suneel Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study aims to carry out a systematic review of the literature on the impact of technology in the tourism industry and its application in rural tourism research to serve the objective of socio-economic development. Research articles were selected from journals indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, or those that are listed in the Australian Business Deans Council or University Grants Commission – Consortium for Academic & Research Ethics list. This study provides a summarized conclusion of research trends undergoing rural tourisms area while simultaneously highlighting the themes and areas that could be addressed through the tourism industry. This study tries to establish a link between the use of technology and the development of the rural tourism industry. Also, it concludes that the use of technology has evolved the way that rural tourism could be conducted. Furthermore, it has opened up ways to use rural tourism as a means to solve existing socio-economic challenges in society. This study is new and it certainly adds to the value of researchers and academicians working in this domain by providing them with research areas that require a thought to ponder upon.

scholarly journals Factors influencing sexual behaviour between tourists and tourism employees: A systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 530-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padam P Simkhada ◽  
Aditi Sharma ◽  
Edwin R Van Teijlingen ◽  
Rachel L Beanland
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Travel Medicine ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact

Background: Increased travel abroad has a significant impact on the incidence and prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Previous reviews have focused on the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of tourists and acquisition of STIs. Less is known about the impact on tourism operators in countries visited by tourists.  The aim of this review is to ascertain factors influencing sexual behaviour between workers in the tourism industry and tourists; exploring the prevalence of sexual behaviour between the two populations, their perceptions of sexual risk while engaging in sexual activities and the knowledge of tourism operators regarding STIs.Methods: A systematic review was conducted. Database searches were performed in Medline/Ovid, EMBASE, Cochrane library and CINAHL for studies published between 2000 and March 2016. Grey literature searches were completed in the NHS database and Google Scholar between 2000 and December 2013. Papers were independently selected by two researchers. Data were extracted and critically appraised using a pre-designed extraction form and adapted CASP checklist.Results: The search identified 1,602 studies and 16 were included after review of the full text. Studies were conducted in nine countries. Findings suggest that STI knowledge, attitude and practice were fairly good among tourists and tourism workers, but there is a need for pre-travel advice for travellers, especially those travelling to low and middle-income countries. Greater importance was given to tourists than to tourism operators and locals interacting with tourists. Studies suggest that as a group both tourist and tourist workers were likely to engage in sexual activities. Overall, both condom use and STI screening were low, among tourists as well as tourism operators. Furthermore, studies reported links between drug and alcohol use and sexual behaviour and risk taking.Conclusion: Although less research appeared to have been conducted among tourism workers than tourists, it does demonstrate the need for education, training and promotion of travel medicine. STI screening, pre-travel advice, travel history in terms of contracting STIs and safe-sex awareness-raising are needed. More and better sexual health education and relevant tourism policies are needed globally. 

scholarly journals The Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Chatbot for Promoting Physical Activity and Healthy Diet: Protocol for a Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoo Jung Oh ◽  
Jingwen Zhang ◽  
Min-Lin Fang ◽  
Yoshimi Fukuoka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Management Behaviors

Abstract BackgroundWith the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in recent years, the rapidly expanding fields of AI-supported chatbot lifestyle interventions have offered new solutions to the global epidemic of physical inactivity and obesity. However, to the best of our knowledge no systematic review of chatbot-based lifestyle change intervention exists. The goals of this systematic review are to summarize the characteristics of chatbot interventions and to synthesize and evaluate uses of chatbots to improve physical activity, dietary, and weight management behaviors and to identify knowledge gaps and directions for future studies.MethodsIn collaboration with a medical librarian, six electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, ACM Digital Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and IEEE) will be searched to identify all relevant studies. Main outcomes include changes in self-report and/or objectively measured physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet, and body weight. Additional outcomes include feasibility, acceptability, safety, and user satisfactions of chatbots. Two reviewers will independently screen the title and abstract, conduct a full-text screening to select the qualified studies, extract data from the included studies, and assess the risk of bias using Covidence software. Lastly, we will conduct a qualitative synthesis of the findings. However, if several randomized controlled trials that report similar outcome measurements are identified., quantitative synthesis will be provided.DiscussionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to synthesize and evaluate the existing research that assess the impact of AI chatbots on changing physical activity, dietary, and weight management behaviors. We anticipate our findings to advance knowledge by identifying the key characteristics of effective AI chatbot interventions and by highlighting knowledge gaps and limitations in the literature.Systematic review registrationInternational Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42020216761.

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